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. 2023 May 12;11(5):e006774. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006774

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Spatial protein analysis within immune-infiltrated regions of tumors before and after intratumoral influenza vaccine treatment. (A, B) Picture of region of interest (ROI) selection in a patient before (A) and after (B) IT influenza vaccination. ROIs were drawn by a gastrointestinal pathologist and based on infiltration of CD45+ (yellow) and CD8+ (red) cells in areas of Pan-CK (green) and DNA (blue) positive regions. (C) Volcano plot of differentially expressed proteins in ROIs of immune-infiltrated regions of tumors before versus after vaccination (n=7). (D, E) Box plots of differentially expressed proteins upregulated (D), and downregulated (E) after vaccination (n=7). Differential expression of proteins depicted as boxplots showing median, upper and lower quartiles. Whiskers extend into a max of 1.5 times the IQR.FDR: False Discovery Rate; HLA-DRA, Human Leukocyte Antigen DR alpha chain; IT, intratumoral; KRT1, keratin 1; logFC, log2 fold change; MKI67, marker Ki-67; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1.