Table 6. Adverse events.
| Variables | HAIC (n=70) | Systemic ICI (n=46) | HAIC and ICI (n=14) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Side effect | 0.620 | |||
| No | 29 (41.43) | 23 (50.00) | 7 (50.00) | |
| Yes | 41 (58.57) | 23 (50.00) | 7 (50.00) | |
| Side effect type | ||||
| Nausea or vomit or dyspepsia or anorexia | 13 (31.71) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (28.57) | 0.003†* |
| Alopecia | 4 (9.76) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (14.29) | 0.202 |
| Diarrhoea or colitis | 4 (9.76) | 1 (4.35) | 0 (0.00) | 0.793 |
| Neutropenia | 7 (17.07) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (28.57) | 0.026‡* |
| Fever | 7 (17.07) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0.064 |
| Skin rash | 1 (2.44) | 10 (43.48) | 1 (14.29) | <0.001§* |
| Fatigue or weakness | 4 (9.76) | 4 (17.39) | 0 (0.00) | 0.526 |
| Hepatitis | 1 (2.44) | 4 (17.39) | 1 (14.29) | 0.067 |
| Pneumonitis | 0 (0.00) | 3 (13.04) | 0 (0.00) | 0.086 |
| Hypothyroidism | 0 (0.00) | 1 (4.35) | 0 (0.00) | 0.423 |
| Side effect grade | 0.185 | |||
| 1 | 25 (60.98) | 11 (47.83) | 4 (57.14) | |
| 2 | 9 (21.95) | 8 (34.78) | 0 (0.00) | |
| 3 | 6 (14.63) | 2 (8.70) | 3 (42.86) | |
| 4 | 1 (2.44) | 2 (8.70) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Side effect grade | 0.297 | |||
| <3 | 34 (82.93) | 19 (82.61) | 4 (57.14) | |
| ≥3 | 7 (17.07) | 4 (17.39) | 3 (42.86) |
*, P<0.05. Post-hoc test with Bonferroni correction (P<0.017 was considered statistically significant): †, nausea or vomit or dyspepsia or anorexia: HAIC vs. Systemic ICI (P=0.002); HAIC vs. HAIC and ICI (P=1.000); systemic ICI vs. HAIC and ICI (P=0.048); ‡, neutropenia: HAIC vs. systemic ICI (P=0.043); HAIC vs. HAIC and ICI (P=0.601); systemic ICI vs. HAIC and ICI (P=0.048); §, skin rash: HAIC vs. systemic ICI (P<0.001); HAIC vs. HAIC and ICI (P=0.273); systemic ICI vs. HAIC and ICI (P=0.215). HAIC, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor.