Table 5.
The association of self-reported general health with each of NO2, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 air pollutants in separate models at the LSOAs level (N = 404,264 observations from 67,982 individuals)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR [95%CI] | OR [95%CI] | OR [95%CI] | |
| Overall pollution effect | |||
| NO2 (µg/m3) | 1.20 [1.16, 1.23]** | 1.11 [1.08, 1.14]** | 1.10 [1.07, 1.14]** |
| SO2 (µg/m3) | 1.46 [1.35, 1.58]** | 1.37 [1.27, 1.48]** | 1.36 [1.26, 1.47]** |
| PM10 (µg/m3) | 1.28 [1.20, 1.37]** | 1.19 [1.11, 1.26]** | 1.15 [1.08, 1.23]** |
| PM2.5 (µg/m3) | 1.42 [1.31, 1.55]** | 1.29 [1.19, 1.40]** | 1.25 [1.15, 1.36]** |
| Between pollution effect | |||
| NO2 (µg/m3) | 1.22 [1.18, 1.26]** | 1.11 [1.07, 1.14]** | 1.09 [1.05, 1.14]** |
| SO2 (µg/m3) | 16.45 [12.61, 21.44]** | 5.88 [4.65, 7.42]** | 5.69 [4.50, 7.19]** |
| PM10 (µg/m3) | 1.29 [1.19, 1.40]** | 1.17 [1.08, 1.27]** | 1.11 [1.02, 1.21]* |
| PM2.5 (µg/m3) | 1.50 [1.34, 1.69]** | 1.31 [1.18, 1.47]** | 1.23 [1.09, 1.38]** |
| Within pollution effect | |||
| NO2 (µg/m3) | 1.04 [0.97, 1.12] | 1.02 [0.95, 1.10] | 1.02 [0.95, 1.10] |
| SO2 (µg/m3) | 0.97 [0.85, 1.10] | 0.99 [0.88, 1.12] | 0.99 [0.88, 1.13] |
| PM10 (µg/m3) | 1.12 [0.98, 1.27] | 1.06 [0.93, 1.20] | 1.05 [0.93, 1.20] |
| PM2.5 (µg/m3) | 1.004 [0.86, 1.17] | 0.93 [0.78, 1.08] | 0.92 [0.79, 1.08] |
ORs and 95%CIs are expressed in terms of 10 µg/m3 increase in the air pollutants; Model 1 is adjusted for age, gender, and year dummies (2009–2019); Model 2 is adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, country of birth, marital status, education, occupation, housing tenure, perceived financial situation, smoking status, and year dummies (2009–2019); Model 3 is additionally adjusted for the LSOAs population density
**P-value < 0.01; *P-value < 0.05