Figure 5.

Docking interactions and poses between compounds (P4, P8, P11, P12, P14, P17, P18, P21, P25, and kojic acid) and the target mushroom tyrosinase protein structure adopted from PDB 2Y9X. The target protein is highlighted in line format with light grey colour (A, B). The key interacting binding site amino acids are shown in black colour, while several hydrogen bonds are observed between functional groups of particular compounds and the enzyme amino acids, as summarised in Table 1, with interaction distances ranging from 2.16 Å to 3.26 Å. Left: Ligands in line and stick representation. Right: Ligands in ball and stick representation. Binding positions are proximal to the two copper ions (Cu²⁺) (not shown) in the active site.