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PAL protein pleiotropic role in bacterial cell. In A. baumannii wild-type and PAL mutant strains, bacterial biofilm formation was observed by crystal violet staining (A) and bacterial motility was analyzed by determining bacterial twitching motility (B), swarming motility (C), and swimming motility (D). All reported values in panel A are mean values of three experiments ± the SD, and statistical significance was identified using GraphPad Prism software.
