FIG 5.

Immune simulation of immunization experiment. Injection of PAL protein as a vaccine without LPS was given at day 1, day 28 (4 weeks), day 112 (16 weeks), and day 168 (24 weeks) after initial injection. The innate immune response i.e. macrophage population (A), the T helper (TH) cell population (B), the B-cell population (C), and the cytokine and interleukin population (D) after injection of PAL protein as a vaccine were determined. The result shows that administration of the PAL protein as a vaccine elevated the synthesis of innate immunity, adaptive immune memory cell, and the release of IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-10, and IL-18 in the host cell.