Table 1.
Demographics and clinical features of GFAP-IgG patients.
| Characteristic | Total | Pediatric patients | Adult patients | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients, n | 59 | 18 | 41 | |
| Female:Male (% female) | 28:31 (47.5%) | 8:10 (44.4%) | 20:21 (48.8%) | 0.759 |
| Age at onset, years, median (IQR) | 32 (34.5) | 7 (7.5) | 42 (19.5) | |
| Follow-up, months, median (IQR) | 9 (15) | 12 (16) | 9 (14) | |
| Comorbidity, n/total (%) | ||||
| Coexisting autoimmune diseases | 29/54 (53.7%) | 8/15 (53.3%) | 21/39 (53.8%) | 0.973 |
| Tumor | 2/59 (3.4%) | 0 | 2/41 (4.9%) | 1 |
| Hyponatremia | 17/59 (22.8%) | 4/18 (22.2%) | 13/41 (31.7%) | 0.459 |
| Monophasic course, n/total (%) | 47/58 (81.0%) | 16/18 (88.9%) | 31/40 (77.5%) | 0.508 |
| Symptoms at presentation, n/total (%) | ||||
| Fever | 35/59 (59.3%) | 13/18 (72.2%) | 22/41 (53.7%) | 0.181 |
| Headaches | 28/59 (47.5%) | 9/18 (50%) | 19/41 (46.3%) | 0.796 |
| Nausea and vomiting | 21/59 (35.6%) | 7/18 (38.9%) | 14/41 (34.1%) | 0.726 |
| Disturbance of consciousness | 20/59 (33.9%) | 6/18 (33.3%) | 14/41 (34.1%) | 0.952 |
| Dizzy | 14/59 (23.7%) | 4/18 (22.2%) | 10/41 (24.4%) | 1 |
| Psychiatric symptoms | 8/59 (13.6%) | 2/18 (11.1%) | 6/41 (14.6%) | 1 |
| Cognitive deficits | 7/59 (11.9%) | 1/18 (5.6%) | 6/41 (14.6%) | 0.578 |
| Seizure | 5/59 (8.5%) | 1/18 (5.6%) | 4/41 (9.8%) | 0.979 |
| Impaired vision | 6/59 (10.2%) | 3/18 (16.7%) | 3/41 (7.3%) | 0.531 |
| Diplopia | 5/59 (8.5%) | 2/18 (11.1%) | 3/41 (7.3%) | 1 |
| Ataxia | 3/59 (5.1%) | 0 | 3/41 (7.3%) | 0.546 |
| Involuntary movement | 7/59 (11.9%) | 2/18 (11.1%) | 5/41 (12.2%) | 1 |
| Optic disc edema | 4/59 (6.8%) | 1/18 (5.6%) | 3/41 (7.3%) | 1 |
| Cranial nerve palsy | 5/59 (8.5%) | 2/18 (11.1%) | 3/41 (7.3%) | 1 |
| Speech disorder | 4/59 (6.8%) | 0 | 4/41 (9.8%) | 0.418 |
| Walking unstable | 4/59 (6.8%) | 0 | 4/41 (9.8%) | 0.418 |
| Area postrema syndrome | 2/59 (3.4%) | 1/18 (5.6%) | 1/41 (2.4%) | 0.521 |
| Weakness | 21/59 (35.6%) | 7/18 (38.9%) | 14/41 (34.1%) | 0.726 |
| Numbness | 10/59 (16.9%) | 0 | 10/41 (24.4%) | 0.055 |
| Autonomic dysfunction | 11/59 (18.6%) | 4/18 (22.2%) | 7/41 (17.1%) | 0.418 |
| Paresthesias | 4/59 (6.8%) | 0 | 4/41 (9.8%) | 0.917 |
| ICU admission | 19/59 (32.2%) | 7/18 (38.9%) | 12/41 (29.3%) | 0.466 |
| Tracheal intubation | 13/59 (22.0%) | 2/18 (11.1%) | 11/41 (26.8%) | 0.317 |
| mRS at the peak of attack, median (IQR) | 4 (3) | 3 (3) | 4 (3) | 0.692 |
| mRS at discharge, median (IQR) | 2 (2) | 1 (2) | 2 (2.5) | 0.035 |
| mRS score at the last follow-up, median (IQR) | 1 (3) | 0 (1.25) | 1.5 (3) | 0.003 |
| mRS>2 at the last follow-up | 17/58 (29.3%) | 3/18 (16.7%) | 14/40 (35%) | 0.156 |
| Sequelae, n/total (%) | ||||
| No disability | 23/58 (39.7%) | 13/18 (72.2%) | 10/40 (25%) | 0.001 |
| Motor | 17/58 (29.3%) | 4/18 (22.2%) | 13/40 (32.5%) | 0.426 |
| Sensory | 12/58 (20.7%) | 2/18 (11.1%) | 10/40 (25%) | 0.391 |
| Vision impairment | 6/58 (10.3%) | 2/18 (11.1%) | 4/40 (10%) | 1 |
| Autonomic dysfunction | 6/58 (10.3%) | 2/18 (11.1%) | 4/40 (10%) | 1 |
| Cognitive impairment | 5/58 (8.6%) | 0/18 | 5/40 (12.5%) | 0.288 |
| Involuntary movement | 2/58 (3.4%) | 1/18 (5.6%) | 1/40 (2.5%) | 0.528 |
| Speech disorder | 2/58 (3.4%) | 0 | 2/40 (5%) | 1 |
| Dysphagia | 1/58 (1.7%) | 0 | 1/40 (2.5%) | 1 |
| Death | 4/58 (6.9%) | 0 | 4/40 (10%) | 0.406 |
IQR, interquartile range; ICU, intensive care unit; mRS, modified Rankin Scale.