Fig. 4. Relative efficiency of geographic pair-matching and subdistrict stratified estimators.

a Estimates from the Bangladesh trial (90 matched pairs in 19 subdistrricts) for 14 outcomes, sorted by the relative efficiency of the pair-matched estimator. b Estimates from the Kenya trial (72 matched pairs in 10 subdistricts) for 12 outcomes, sorted by the relative efficiency of the pair-matched estimator. MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) comprehension and expression were only measured in the Bangladesh trial. In both panels, relative efficiency was estimated as the ratio of the variance between a nonparametric, unmatched estimator and each alternative estimator. Created with notebooks https://osf.io/89g7m and https://osf.io/d2×3b.