Table 4.
Risk factors for 30 days ICU mortality of patients admitted for SARS with or without COVID-19
| Factors | Mortality in the overall cohort | OR (95% CI) | p value§ | ||
| n † | Results # | ||||
| Diagnosis | Non-COVID-19 | 30 | 30 (21.7) | Ref. | |
| COVID-19 | 290 | 290 (41.3) | 2.528 (1.642–3.892)* | < 0.001 | |
| Sex | Female | 371 | 144 (38.8) | Ref. | |
| Male | 470 | 176 (37.4) | 0.911 (0.686–1.211)** | 0.522 | |
| History of diabetes | No | 582 | 207 (35.6) | Ref. | |
| Yes | 259 | 113 (43.6) | 1.377 (1.018–1.861)** | 0.038 | |
| Presumed obesity | No | 591 | 232 (39.3) | Ref. | |
| Yes | 250 | 88 (35.2) | 0.770 (0.563–1.052)** | 0.101 | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | No death | 521 | 1 (0–1) | ||
| Death | 320 | 1 (0–2) | 1.300 (1.167–1.447) | < 0.001 | |
| Age | No death | 521 | 57.6 ± 16.7 | ||
| Death | 320 | 66.7 ± 14.7 | 1.041 (1.030–1.051)** | < 0.001 | |
| APACHE II in the first 24 h | No death | 521 | 10 (6–15) | ||
| Death | 320 | 19 (12–27) | 1.123 (1.101–1.146)** | < 0.001 | |
| SOFA scores in the first 24 h | No death | 521 | 3 (2–4) | ||
| Death | 320 | 6 (3–8) | 1.524 (1.423–1.633)** | < 0.001 | |
| CRP levels in the first 24 h | No death | 518 | 91.6 (39–156) | ||
| Death | 319 | 142 (88–219) | 1.006 (1.004–1.008)** | < 0.001 | |
| Highest glucose level at admission(mg/dL) | No death | 520 | 150.5 (118–199.5) | ||
| Death | 317 | 180 (136–290) | 1.005 (1.004–1.007)** | < 0.001 | |
| Highest glucose level during ICU stay (mg/dL) | No death | 521 | 196 (156–294) | ||
| Death | 320 | 335 (209.5–453.5) | 1.006 (1.005–1.007)** | < 0.001 | |
| Mean glucose level during ICU stay (mg/dL) | No death | 521 | 133.6 (115.5–166.3) | ||
| Death | 320 | 178.7 (138.5–226.9) | 1.012 (1.009–1.015)** | < 0.001 | |
| Mean glucose variability (CV %) during ICU stay | No death | 469 | 23.9 (18.2–33.1) | ||
| Death | 296 | 35.5 (25.0–46.8) | 1.041 (1.030–1.052) | < 0.001 | |
| % of days with hyperglycemia | No death | 521 | 17.6 (0–60) | ||
| Death | 320 | 66.7 (28.6–93.3) | 1.018 (1.014–1.022)** | < 0.001 | |
| Occurrence of hypoglycemia (< 70 mg/dL) during ICU stay | No | 623 | 197 (31.6) | Ref. | |
| Yes | 218 | 123 (56.4) | 2.848 (2.065–3.927) | < 0.001 | |
| Nosocomial infection | No | 672 | 211 (31.4) | Ref. | |
| Yes | 169 | 109 (64.5) | 3.841 (2.685–5.493)** | < 0.001 | |
| Mean SOFA score during ICU stay | No death | 521 | 2.8 (2–4.1) | ||
| Death | 320 | 7.6 (6–9.2) | 2.786 (2.432–3.192)** | < 0.001 | |
| Mean CRP level during ICU stay | No death | 518 | 83.2 (43.9–135.9) | ||
| Death | 319 | 175.7 (126.9–224.9) | 1.018 (1.015–1.020)** | < 0.001 | |
| Use of corticosteroids during ICU stay | No | 290 | 95 (32.8) | Ref. | |
| Yes | 551 | 225 (40.8) | 1.215 (0.891–1.655)** | 0.218 | |
Abbreviations: APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; CRP, C-reactive protein (mg/L)
†Total number of cases in the row
#Data are expressed as number (percent), mean ± standard deviation, or median (first quartile - third quartile)
*Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of the generalized linear model with univariate binary logistic distribution for mortality during ICU stay up to 30 days
**Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of the generalized linear model with binary logistic distribution for mortality during ICU stay up to 30 days, adjusted for the presence of COVID-19 (crude model)
§Wald test p value, p < 0.05 indicates statistical significance