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. 2023 May 16;14:2800. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-38435-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Neutralization assays were performed with pseudoviruses harboring the spike (S) proteins of B.1.1, BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, BQ.1.1, BA.2.75 and XBB.1. The BA.2 S-based derivatives are included in (a–e). The following sera were used. Convalescent sera from fully vaccinated individuals who had been infected with BA.2 after full vaccination (9 2-dose vaccinated and 5 3-dose vaccinated. 14 donors in total) (a), and BA.5 after full vaccination (2 2-dose vaccinated donors, 17 3-dose vaccinated donors and 1 4-dose vaccinated donors. 20 donors in total) (b). 4-dose vaccine sera collected at 1 month after the 4-dose monovalent vaccine (15 donors) (c), BA.1 bivalent vaccine (20 donors) (d), and BA.5 bivalent vaccine (21 donors) (e). f Sera from hamsters infected with BA.2 (12 hamsters), BA.5 (12 hamsters), BQ.1.1 (6 hamsters), BA.2.75 (12 hamsters), and XBB.1 (6 hamsters). g Antigenic cartography based on the results of neutralization assays using hamster sera (Fig. 2f). Assays for each serum sample were performed in triplicate to determine the 50% neutralization titer (NT₅₀). Each dot represents one NT₅₀ value, and the geometric mean and 95% confidential interval (CI) are shown. Statistically significant differences were determined by two-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. The P values versus BA.2 (a), BA.5 (b), or XBB.1 (c–f) are indicated in the panels. For the BA.2 derivatives (a–e), statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) versus BA.2 are indicated with asterisks. Red and blue asterisks, respectively, indicate decreased and increased NT₅₀s. The horizontal dashed line indicates the detection limit (120-fold). Information on the convalescent donors is summarized in Supplementary Table 5. Source data are provided with this paper.