Table 6.

Therapeutic factors of group art therapy using digital media.

Therapeutic factors	Description of therapeutic factors
Playfulness	The playfulness of digital media (89, 90) is a powerful therapeutic element. Various play factors, such as realistic images, colors, sounds, and touches, stimulated the curiosity and interest of intellectually disabled adolescents who had attention problems and synchronization defects. Therefore, it is a therapeutic factor because it has aspects of motivating (90) treatment, relieving tension, and expressing itself (91).
Interactivity	Interaction is the most important characteristic of digital media (92). Media and humans are influenced by interaction (93). In particular, playful interactions with digital media are attractive to children and adolescents (46). Creativity is created through immediate interactions with digital media, and the sensory space that is the result of interaction with media exists within the expressive characteristics of digital technology (94). Digital art therapy can comprehensively present visual images, colors, sound, photo editing, and storytelling, thus inducing a holistic sensory experience different from traditional art therapy (48). It can be used as a therapeutic factor by conveying strong meanings and emotions (95).
Scalability	The scalability of digital media led to the expansion of time and space, the expansion of expression methods, the expansion of physical constraints, the expansion of senses, the expansion of media, and the expansion of experience as therapeutic factors. In McLuhan (96)’s core proposition, the term of ‘media is human expansion’ means that the body and senses are expanded through technology. It is much more suitable as a medium that can expand creativity and flexibility for coping in a changing world (97). It can extend physical constraints to new environments that require high levels of participation from people with disabilities or underprivileged people. The use of digital technology in art therapy means new possibilities for extending adaptation and esthetic experience to new media beyond the increase in access to expanding time and space (9).