TABLE 2.
Evaluation of Predicting Intensive Care Transfers and Other Unforeseen Events, Epic Deterioration Index, and National Early Warning Score Across Demographic Groups
| Demographic Group | n (%) | Predicting Intensive Care Transfers and Other Unforeseen Events | Epic Deterioration Index | National Early Warning Score | Event Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Michigan Medicine | |||||
| Total | 44,202 | 0.870 (0.859–0.880) | 0.830 (0.819–0.841) | 0.817 (0.805–0.828) | 4.5% (1,998/44,202) |
| Race | |||||
| Asian | 855 (2.0%) | 0.845 (0.773–0.917) | 0.843 (0.771–0.916) | 0.817 (0.740–0.893) | 5.5% (45/855) |
| Black | 5,575 (12.6%) | 0.862 (0.834–0.889) | 0.802 (0.771–0.833) | 0.820 (0.789–0.850) | 5.1% (282/5,575) |
| White | 35,480 (80.3%) | 0.871 (0.860–0.882) | 0.835 (0.822–0.847) | 0.816 (0.803–0.829) | 4.4% (1,561/35,480) |
| Other | 2,292 (5.2%) | 0.878 (0.835–0.920) | 0.830 (0.783–0.878) | 0.824 (0.775–0.872) | 4.8% (110/2,292) |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 1,196 (2.7%) | 0.908 (0.870–0.952) | 0.823 (0.766–0.891) | 0.821 (0.756–0.888) | 3.9% (47/1,196) |
| Non-Hispanic/Latino | 42,210 (95.5%) | 0.868 (0.859–0.877) | 0.830 (0.820–0.840) | 0.816 (0.807–0.826) | 4.5% (1,910/42,210) |
| Other | 652 (1.5%) | 0.885 (0.821–0.972) | 0.815 (0.731–0.911) | 0.809 (0.729–0.909) | 4.9% (32/652) |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 21,592 (48.8%) | 0.885 (0.870–0.899) | 0.850 (0.833–0.867) | 0.838 (0.821–0.855) | 3.8% (829/21,592) |
| Male | 22,610 (50.5%) | 0.855 (0.842–0.869) | 0.811 (0.796–0.827) | 0.802 (0.786–0.817) | 5.2% (1,169/22,610) |
| Hurley Medical Center | |||||
| Total | 11,083 | 0.875 (0.848–0.902) | 0.835 (0.805–0.864) | 0.819 (0.789–0.850) | 2.5% (278/11,083) |
| Race | |||||
| Asian | 18 (0.2%) | NA | NA | NA | 0% (0/18) |
| Black | 5,044 (45.5%) | 0.887 (0.850–0.924) | 0.857 (0.816–0.897) | 0.834 (0.792–0.877) | 2.6% (133/5,044) |
| White | 5,641 (50.9%) | 0.863 (0.824–0.903) | 0.815 (0.771–0.859) | 0.801 (0.755–0.846) | 2.4% (135/5,641) |
| Other | 380 (3.4%) | 0.865 (0.720–1) | 0.804 (0.638–0.969) | 0.867 (0.721–1) | 2.6% (10/380) |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 258 (2.3%) | 0.703 (0.426–1.00) | 0.698 (0.496–0.912) | 0.732 (0.506–1.00) | 1.6 (4/258) |
| Non-Hispanic/Latino | 10,776 (97.2%) | 0.878 (0.856–0.902) | 0.838 (0.812–0.869) | 0.821 (0.793–0.855) | 2.5% (271/10,776) |
| Other | 49 (0.4%) | 0.989 (0.979–1.00) | 0.883 (0.765–1.00) | 0.648 (0.506–0.795) | 6.1% (3/49) |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 6,000 (54.1%) | 0.899 (0.864–0.935) | 0.869 (0.830–0.909) | 0.859 (0.818–0.900) | 2.2% (131/6,000) |
| Male | 5,083 (45.9%) | 0.850 (0.810–0.889) | 0.803 (0.760–0.846) | 0.786 (0.741–0.830) | 2.9% (147/5,083) |
NA = not applicable.
Encounter level area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for each of the three analytics is presented below, separated by subgroup. Performance metrics are reported as encounter level AUROC (95% CI) on the Epic Deterioration Index-matched cohort. Event rate is reported as both a percentage and fraction of encounters. AUROC values are reported as NA if no patient in the subgroup met a deterioration outcome.