Fig. 5.

Differential allelic sharing to the modern/ancient groups from East Asia and Oceania between the Atayal and Rukai/Amis. Results of the form f4(Atayal, X; Y, Mbuti) where X is Amis (A and B)/Rukai (C and D) and Y are modern (A and C)/ancient (B and D) groups from East Asia and Oceania. The modern/ancient groups are plotted as dots on the map, colored in proportion to Z score. Positive values (in blue) indicate more sharing with the Atayal while negative values (in red) indicate more sharing with the Amis/Rukai. Significant values (absolute Z score value ≥ 2) are further labeled with population names. For the comparisons with ancient groups, additional tests using only transversions and the French as an outgroup are shown in Fig. S12, which reduce not only the potential for false positives caused by DNA damage and/or attraction to deep outgroups but also the statistical power due to the decreased number of SNPs.