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. 2023 Jun 1;14(3):592–604. doi: 10.14336/AD.2022.0831

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Copyright: © 2023 Wakale et al.

this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Figure 2. — Changes in epigenetic regulation and the development of OA. Risk factors like age and obesity affect the stable epigenetic state of chondrocytes. DNA methylation and histone methylation changes occurred in the nucleus and miRNA expression in the cytoplasm. This affects the regulation of specific cytokines, matrix proteins, and gene expression and causes their abnormal expression, which affects the chondrocyte functions. These changes will lead to degeneration of cartilage and the pathogenesis of OA.