Table 1.
Demographic, pathological, and clinical characteristics of participants.
| Control | αSyn | αSyn+AD | AD | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 70 | 30 | 19 | 21 | |
| Age at onset (years) | – | 60 (54–66) | 69 (62–74) | 62 (59–66) | 0.009 |
| Age at plasma (years) | 72 (65–77) | 75 (68–79) | 74 (70–84) | 71 (64–75) | 0.083 |
| Duration at plasma (years) | – | 13 (9–16) | 7 (4–10) | 5 (4–8) | <0.001 |
| Plasma‐to‐death (years) | 4 (2–5) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 3 (2–4) | 0.095 |
| Age at death (years) | 73 (70–79) | 77 (70–81) | 76 (72–84) | 73 (69–77) | 0.233 |
| Sex = male (%) | 39 (56%) | 21 (70%) | 16 (84%) | 11 (52%) | 0.074 |
| Self‐reported race (%) | |||||
| Asian | 2 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.004 |
| Black or African American | 16 (23%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (10%) | |
| More than one race | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (5%) | |
| White | 50 (72%) | 30 (100%) | 19 (100%) | 18 (86%) | |
| Thal phase (0–3) | – | 1 (0–1) | 3 (2–3) | 3 (3–3) | <0.001 |
| Braak stage (0–3) | – | 1 (1–2) | 2 (2–3) | 3 (3–3) | <0.001 |
| CERAD score (0–3) | – | 0 (0–1) | 2 (2–3) | 3 (3–3) | <0.001 |
| ADNC (%) | |||||
| Not | – | 11 (37%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 |
| Low | – | 19 (63%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Intermediate | – | 0 (0%) | 14 (74%) | 1 (5%) | |
| High | – | 0 (0%) | 5 (26%) | 20 (95%) | |
| DLB type (%) | |||||
| None | – | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (48%) | <0.001 |
| Amygdala predominant | – | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (52%) | |
| Brainstem predominant | – | 6 (20%) | 1 (5%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Transitional or limbic | – | 15 (50%) | 5 (26%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Diffuse or neocortical | – | 9 (30%) | 13 (68%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Vascular disease+ (%) | – | 2 (7%) | 1 (5%) | 3 (14%) | 0.646 |
| APOE ε4 (%) | |||||
| 0 | 49 (72%) | 19 (63%) | 6 (33%) | 6 (29%) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 17 (25%) | 11 (37%) | 10 (56%) | 9 (43%) | |
| 2 | 2 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (11%) | 6 (29%) | |
| Clinical diagnosis (%) | |||||
| Control | 70 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 |
| AD | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 18 (95%) | |
| PD/PDD | 0 (0%) | 27 (90%) | 11 (58%) | 0 (0%) | |
| DLB | 0 (0%) | 3 (10%) | 8 (42%) | 1 (5%) | |
Note: For continuous variables, median and interquartile range (IQR) are reported; Kruskal–Wallis tests performed group comparisons. For categorical variables, count (percentage [%]) are provided; Fisher's exact tests performed frequency comparisons, except for larger contingency tables (DLB Type and Clinical Diagnosis) where Chi‐square tests were used. P‐values are reported for group comparisons. Note that DLB type and ADNC (including Thal, Braak, and CERAD) were used to define groups.