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. 2023 May 16;13:7912. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-33814-8

Table 1.

Factors associated with IAV M-gene and H5 subtype (Prevalence and Chi-square test).

Variable Category Influenza A virus  M-gene Influenza A virus subtype H5 
% (n) 95% CI P-value % (n) 95% CI P-value
Season Summer 33.41 (137) (29, 38.14)  < 0.001 17.8 (73) (14.39, 21.82)  < 0.001
Winter 71.11 (64) (60.92, 79.54) 41.11 (37) (31.43, 51.54)
Host Taxa Pigeon 75 (3) (23.68, 96.67)  < 0.001 25 (1) (3.33, 76.32) 0.033
Chicken 52.38 (11) (31.8, 72.19) 38.1 (8) (20.29, 59.81)
Turkey 31.14 (71) (25.45, 37.46) 16.67 (38) (12.36, 22.09)
Waterfowl 46.96 (116) (40.8, 53.22) 25.51 (63) (20.45, 31.32)
Health status Dead 73.68 (56) (62.66, 82.37)  < 0.001 61.84 (47) (50.47, 72.05)  < 0.001
Healthy 34.2 (145) (29.83, 38.86) 14.86 (63) (11.77, 18.58)
Interface Farm 31.46 (95) (26.46, 36.93)  < 0.001 10.26 (31) (7.31, 14.24)  < 0.001
LBM 53.54 (106) (46.55, 60.39) 39.9 (79) (33.3, 46.89)