Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of all adults (20 years or older) exposed to maintenance acid suppression treatment, by type of acid suppressant in Sweden during 2005–2014
| Characteristic | Total | PPI users N (%) | H2RA users N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 935,236 (100) | 916,823 (98.0) | 18,413 (2.0) |
| Sex | |||
| Men | 388,135 (41.5) | 380,721 (41.5) | 7414 (40.3) |
| Women | 547,101 (58.5) | 536,102 (58.5) | 10,999 (59.7) |
| Mean age, years (± standard deviation) | 59 (± 16.4) | 59 (± 16.4) | 62 (± 16.2) |
| Age, years | |||
| 20–39 | 122,020 (13.1) | 120,219 (13.1) | 1801 (9.8) |
| 40–49 | 134,591 (14.4) | 132,248 (14.40) | 2343 (12.7) |
| 50–59 | 195,933 (20.9) | 192,285 (20.9) | 3648 (19.8) |
| 60–69 | 212,062 (22.70) | 207,852 (22.7) | 4210 (22.9) |
| ≥ 70 | 270,630 (28.9) | 264,219 (28.8) | 6411 (34.8) |
| Calendar period | |||
| 2006–2008 | 632,365 (67.6) | 312,633 (33.30) | 4670 (25.20) |
| 2009–2011 | 201,899 (21.6) | 200,211 (21.40) | 1688 (9.10) |
| 2012–2014 | 100,972 (10.8) | 120,907 (12.90) | 932 (5.00) |
| Indications for use | |||
| Gastro-oesophageal reflux | 221,999 (23.7) | 220,239 (24.0) | 1760 (9.6) |
| Barrett’s oesophagus | 6496 (0.7) | 6482 (0.7) | 14 (0.1) |
| Zollinger–Ellison syndrome | 32 (0.00) | 32 (0.00) | 0 |
| Peptic ulcers | 85,393 (9.1) | 84,368 (9.2) | 1025 (5.6) |
| Gastroduodenitis | 116,745 (12.5) | 115,594 (12.6) | 1151 (6.3) |
| Dyspepsia | 116,745 (12.5) | 115,594 (12.6) | 1151 (6.3) |
| Helicobacter pylori infection/eradication | 69,052 (7.4) | 68,532 (7.5) | 520 (2.8) |
| NSAIDs use (> 180 days) | 467,138 (50.0) | 457,900 (50.0) | 9238 (50.2) |
| Aspirin use (> 180 days) | 322,339 (34.5) | 316,297 (34.5) | 6042 (32.8) |
| No recorded indication | 142,346 (15.2) | 138,773 (15.1) | 3573 (19.4) |
| All-cause mortality (total) | 163,476 (17.5) | 159,422 (17.4) | 4054 (22.0) |
| Cancer mortality | 28,554 (3.1) | 27,994 (3.1) | 560 (3.0) |
| Cardiovascular mortality | 58,101 (6.2) | 56,381 (6.2) | 1720 (9.3) |
| Other-cause mortality | 54,454 (5.8) | 52,989 (5.8) | 1465 (7.9) |
| Total person-years (all-cause mortality) | 4,976,763 | 4,862,437 | 114,326 |
| Total person-years (cause specific, without 2014) | 4,216,360 | 4,116,349 | 100,011 |
| Follow-up time (all-cause), median (IQR), years | 5.9 (2.9–8.0) | 5.8 (2.9–8.0) | 7.7 (4.2–8.3) |
Data on cause-specific mortality not available for deaths occurring during 2014
PPI Proton pump inhibitor, H2RA histamine-2 receptor antagonists, NSAIDs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, IQR interquartile range