Figure 2.

Endogenous EV engineering strategies for therapeutic cargo loading

The top illustrates the general principle of producer cell engineering. A genetic expression construct encoding the therapeutic cargo connected to an EV sorting domain is introduced into and expressed by EV producer cells. The therapeutic cargo is sorted into EVs during EV biogenesis. Depending on the nature of the EV sorting domain, engineered EVs originate from the MVB-exosome pathway or microvesicle pathway. The bottom lists means of luminal or surface engineering of EVs, including examples for EV sorting domains successfully used in the field. This figure was created using BioRender.