TABLE 2.
Summary of miRNAs upregulated in HNSCC.
| miRNA | Type of cancer | Tissues | Number of clinical specimens | Cell line | Pharmacological targets | Signaling cascades | Pharmacological action | Clinical outcome | References | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-372 | HNSCC | Adjacent non-tumor healthy tissues and entangled HNSCC | 66 patients | SCC25, OECM1, FaDU, and OC3 | p62 | mTOR cascade | miR-372 induces HNSCC cell motility by targeting p62 | --- | Yeh et al. (2015) | ||||||||
| miR-320 | HNSCC (Laryngeal, oropharyngeal, and oral) | Serum | 7 healthy control male and 7 male HNSCC patients | --- | PTEN and CDKN2A | --- | Suppresses the cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p57 to induce multiplication | --- | Martinez et al. (2015) | ||||||||
| miR-21 | HNSCC | Healthy and tumor tissues | 104 HNSCC patients | --- | BTG-2, ACTA2, PDCD4 | --- | miR-21 might facilitate migration and proliferation by suppressing BTG-2, ACTA2, and PDCD4 | --- | Mireștean et al. (2022) | ||||||||
| miR-21, miR-34a, miR-200c | HNSCC | Healthy and tumor tissues | 51 HNSCC patients | --- | --- | --- | Feature some significant predictive value | --- | Kalfert et al. (2015) | ||||||||
| miR-223 | HNSCC | Healthy and tumor tissues | 16 HNSCC patients | --- | hCdc4/FBXW7 | FGF cell signaling | Downregulation of miR-223 shown cancer relapse | --- | Hou et al. (2015) | ||||||||
| hsa-miR-32-5p | OSCC | Serum and healthy and tumor tissues | 5 OSCC patients | --- | --- | --- | Biomarker for non-invasive screening of OSCC patients | --- | Schneider et al. (2018) | ||||||||
| miR-654-5p | OSCC | Healthy tissues and entangled tumor | 157 OSCC patients | CAL-27, Tca-8113 | GRAP | MAPK/Ras signaling cascade | miRNA-654-5p induces invasion, motility, chemoresistance, and multiplication by modulating EMT | The miR-654 activity was associated with lymph node metastasis and a poor outcome | Lu et al. (2018) | ||||||||
| miR-187 | OSCC | Healthy tissues and entangled tumor | 19 healthy and 56 OSCC patients | 293FT, OECM1, HSC3 | BARX2 | --- | miR-187 induces metastasis and carcinogenic activity | --- | Lin et al. (2016c) | ||||||||
| miR-5100 and miR-626 | OSCC | Tissue and serum specimens | 90 healthy and 218 OSCC patients | --- | --- | --- | These miRNAs have a substantial association with OSCC outcome | Poor findings were associated with increased levels of miR-5100 and miR-626 | Shi et al. (2019) | ||||||||
| miR-107/miR-103 | HNSCC (Laryngeal, oropharyngeal, and oral) | Serum | 7 healthy control male and 7 male HNSCC patients | --- | NF1, KLF4, and DAPK | --- | An oncomiR induces cell motility and growth | --- | Martinez et al. (2015) | ||||||||
| miR-24 | TSCC | Healthy tissues and entangled tumor | 79 TSCC patients | 8 TSCC cell lines | PTEN | Akt/PTEN cascade | Specifically inhibiting PTEN, miR-24 promotes cell viability, migration, and tolerance to cisplatin | --- | Zheng et al. (2015) | ||||||||
| miR-450a | OSCC | Healthy tissues and entangled tumor | 35 OSCC patients | SAS and DOK cells | TNF-α/TMEM182 | NF-B and ERK cascades | In OSCC, miR-450a regulates cellular survival and metastasis | Elevated OSCC cellular invasion potential induced by high expression of miR-450a | Hsing et al. (2019) | ||||||||
| miR-122-5p | HNSS | Saliva specimens | 108 healthy and 108 HNSCC patients | --- | --- | --- | A unique biomarker for the identification of HNSC | --- | Salazar-Ruales et al. (2018) | ||||||||
| hsa-miR-375 | OSCC | Serum and healthy and tumor tissues | 5 ONSCC patients | --- | MMP13 | --- | Enhances virulence and metastatic potential | --- | Schneider et al. (2018) | ||||||||