Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients.
| Characteristics | Before PSM HAIC+L+P (n = 75) | HAIC+L (n = 74) | p-value | After PSM HAIC+L+P (n = 48) | HAIC+L (n = 48) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 55.3 ± 9.5 | 56.0 ± 10.5 | 0.692 | 55.1 ± 10.0 | 54.5 ± 10.4 | 0.780 |
| Sex (n (%)) | 0.242 | 0.765 | ||||
| Male | 66 (88.00%) | 60 (81.10%) | 41 (85.42%) | 42 (87.50%) | ||
| Female | 9 (12.00%) | 14 (18.90%) | 7 (14.58%) | 6 (12.50%) | ||
| Etiology (n (%)) | 0.106 | 0.435 | ||||
| Hepatitis B | 70 (93.33%) | 63 (85.13%) | 43 (89.59%) | 46 (95.84%) | ||
| Hepatitis C | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | ||
| Nonhepatitis B and C | 5 (6.670%) | 11 (14.87%) | 5 (10.41%) | 2 (4.16%) | ||
| Child–Pugh score (n (%)) | 0.678 | 1.000 | ||||
| 5–6 | 55 (73.33%) | 52 (70.27%) | 36 (75.00%) | 36 (75.00%) | ||
| 7–9 | 20 (26.67%) | 22 (29.73%) | 12 (25.00%) | 12 (25.00%) | ||
| BLCL stage | 0.688 | 0.679 | ||||
| B | 44 (58.67%) | 41 (55.41%) | 27 (56.25%) | 29 (60.42%) | ||
| C | 31 (41.33%) | 33 (44.59%) | 21 (43.75%) | 19 (39.58%) | ||
| Cirrhosis (n (%)) | 0.444 | 0.232 | ||||
| Present | 51 (68.00%) | 53 (71.62%) | 34 (70.84%) | 39 (81.25%) | ||
| Absent | 24 (32.00%) | 21 (28.38%) | 14 (29.16%) | 9 (18.75%) | ||
| Cheng’s PVTT classification | 0.816 | 0.679 | ||||
| Present | 28 (37.33%) | 29 (39.18%) | 27 (56.25%) | 29 (60.42%) | ||
| Absent | 47 (62.67%) | 45 (60.82%) | 21 (43.75%) | 19 (39.58%) | ||
| Largest tumor size (cm, in diameter) | 8.3 ± 3.8 | 7.5 ± 3.8 | 0.230 | 8.0 ± 3.6 | 7.9 ± 3.8 | 0.890 |
| Tumor numbers (n (%)) | 0.982 | 1.000 | ||||
| >3 | 70 (93.33%) | 69 (93.24%) | 44 (91.67%) | 45 (93.75%) | ||
| ≤3 | 5 (6.67%) | 5 (6.76%) | 4 (8.33%) | 3 (6.25%) | ||
| AFP (ng/ml) | 0.562 | 0.682 | ||||
| >400 | 37 (49.33%) | 33 (44.54%) | 21 (43.75%) | 23 (47.91%) | ||
| ≤400 | 38 (50.67%) | 41 (55.46%) | 27 (56.25%) | 25 (52.08%) | ||
| CA199 (U/ml) | 25.3 (14.9~52.3) | 28.5 (15.1~55.0) | 0.532 | 23.1 (19.1~35.5) | 27.3 (12.8~48.1) | 0.424 |
| Extrahepatic metastases (n (%)) | 0.178 | 0.386 | ||||
| Present | 28 (37.34%) | 20 (27.03%) | 18 (37.50%) | 14 (29.16%) | ||
| Absent | 47 (62.66%) | 54 (72.97%) | 30 (62.50%) | 34 (70.84%) | ||
| APFs (n (%)) | 0.463 | 0.411 | ||||
| Present | 30 (40.00%) | 34 (45.94%) | 19 (39.58%) | 23 (47.91%) | ||
| Absent | 45 (60.00%) | 40 (54.06%) | 29 (60.42%) | 25 (52.09%) | ||
| Ascites | 0.901 | 0.824 | ||||
| Present | 23 (30.66%) | 22 (29.72%) | 14 (29.16%) | 15 (31.25%) | ||
| Absent | 52 (69.34%) | 52 (70.28%) | 34 (60.84%) | 33 (68.75%) | ||
| TBIL (µmol/L) | 18.6 (12.6~29.3) | 18.3 (11.9~29.2) | 0.903 | 19.1 (12.6~27.6) | 16.8 (11.8~26.3) | 0.603 |
| ALB (g/L) | 35.9 ± 6.3 | 34.8 ± 5.7 | 0.338 | 36.3 ± 4.6 | 37.0 ± 5.8 | 0.517 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 45.2 (27.0~58.6) | 37.5 (27.0~52.2) | 0.307 | 45.0 (29.0~59.0) | 36.0 (28.5~48.5) | 0.103 |
| AST (IU/L) | 71.0 (42.4~110.1) | 52.5 (36.2~87.3) | 0.093 | 68.5 (42.5~100.0) | 51.0 (35.0~82.5) | 0.476 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 198.2 (116.2~338.1) | 159.4 (176.8~336.4) | 0.140 | 203.1 (10.2~305.1) | 152.0 (74.2~331.7) | 0.216 |
| ALP (IU/L) | 182.2 (125.6~267.2) | 147.4 (111.5~242.8) | 0.239 | 180.2 (125.6~253.2) | 140.2 (103.2~216.6) | 0.086 |
| HAIC courses | 3.91 ± 1.47 | 3.69 ± 1.18 | 0.586 | 4.08 ± 1.58 | 3.81 ± 1.25 | 0.562 |
| 2 | 7 (9.33%) | 7 (9.45%) | 3 (6.25%) | 3 (6.25%) | ||
| 3 | 34 (45.33%) | 35 (47.29%) | 21 (43.75%) | 24 (50.00%) | ||
| 4 | 11 (14.66%) | 14 (18.91%) | 9 (18.75%) | 7 (14.51%) | ||
| 5 | 13 (17.33%) | 12 (16.21%) | 7 (14.51%) | 9 (18.75%) | ||
| 6 | 5 (6.66%) | 4 (5.40%) | 3 (6.25%) | 3 (6.25%) | ||
| 7 | 2 (2.66%) | 2 (2.70%) | 2 (4.16%) | 2 (4.16%) | ||
| 8 | 3 (4.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (6.25%) | 0 (0.00%) |
Data are presented as n (%), mean ± standard deviation, and median (interquartile range). HAIC, hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy; HBV, hepatitis B virus; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer. PVTT, portal vein tumor thrombosis; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; CA199, carbohydrate antigen 199; APFs, arterioportal fistulas; PT, prothrombin time; ALB, albumin; TBIL, total bilirubin; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, γ-glutamyl transferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase.