Table 3.
Clinical symptoms and manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection between the matched groups.
| Characteristics | Control (n = 225) |
UDCA (n = 225) |
OR (95%CI) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infection test | ||||
| SARS-CoV-2 antigen test | 167 (74.2) | 173 (76.9) | 0.86 (1.28–1.33) | 0.510 |
| SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid test | 58 (25.8) | 52 (23.1) | – | – |
| General symptoms | ||||
| Fever, n (%) | 205 (91.1) | 182 (80.9) | 2.42 (1.37–4.27) | 0.002 |
| Tmax (°C), median (IQR) | 38.7 (38.4, 39.0) | 38.5 (38.0, 39.0) | – | <0.001 |
| Shivering, n (%) | 69 (30.7) | 31 (13.8) | 2.77 (1.72–4.44) | <0.001 |
| Cough, n (%) | 160 (71.1) | 125 (55.6) | 1.97 (1.33–2.91) | 0.001 |
| Nasal obstruction, n (%) | 21 (9.3) | 17 (7.6) | 1.26 (0.66–2.46) | 0.498 |
| Headache, n (%) | 27 (12.0) | 30 (13.3) | 0.89 (0.51–1.55) | 0.671 |
| Pharyngalgia, n (%) | 127 (56.4) | 86 (38.2) | 2.09 (1.44–3.05) | <0.001 |
| Muscular ache, n (%) | 102 (45.3) | 82 (36.4) | 1.45 (0.99–2.11) | 0.055 |
| Taste and smell dysfunction, n (%) | 93 (41.3) | 53 (23.6) | 2.29 (1.52–3.44) | <0.001 |
| Fatigue, n (%) | 108 (48.0) | 101 (44.9) | 1.13 (0.78–1.64) | 0.508 |
| Dyspnea, n (%) | 11 (4.9) | 3 (1.3) | 3.80 (1.05–13.89) | 0.030 |
| Nausea, n (%) | 8 (3.6) | 9 (4.0) | 0.88 (0.34–2.34) | 0.805 |
| Diarrhea, n (%) | 3 (1.3) | 3 (1.3) | 1.00 (0.20–5.00) | 1.000 |
| Liver disease exacerbation, n (%) | ||||
| Liver pain | 5 (2.2) | 3 (1.3) | 1.68 (0.40–7.14) | 0.724 |
| Ascites | 4 (1.7) | 2 (0.9) | 2.02 (0.36–11.11) | 0.685 |
| Edema | 2 (0.9) | 2 (0.9) | 1.00 (0.32–8.21) | 1.000 |
| Clinical diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| Mild | 162 (72.0) | 182 (80.0) | 0.64 (0.42–0.99) | 0.047 |
| Moderate | 45 (20.0) | 9 (4.0) | 5.99 (2.86–12.66) | <0.001 |
| Severe | 5 (2.2) | 1 (0.4) | 5.10 (0.59–43.48) | 0.216 |
| Critical | 0 | 0 | – | – |
| Therapy, n (%) | ||||
| Home medication | 183 (81.3) | 150 (66.7) | 2.18 (1.41–3.37) | <0.001 |
| Outpatient | 4 (1.7) | 5 (2.2) | 0.80 (0.21–3.00) | 1.000 |
| Hospital | 5 (2.2) | 3 (1.3) | 1.68 (0.40–7.14) | 0.724 |
| No medication | 20 (8.9) | 34 (15.1) | 0.55 (0.30–0.99) | 0.042 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Recovery (days), median (IQR) | 7 (5, 10) | 5 (4, 7) | – | <0.001 |
| Death, n (%) | 0 | 0 | – | – |
Values are number (percentage) or median (interquartile range).
SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range.