Fig. 1.

Clinical applications and effects of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is currently approved by the FDA, with the sole indication for administration in patients with PPHN. iNO is sometimes used as a rescue therapy in severe ARDS. The other disease named in the figure represent potential target for iNO treatment. Clinical data are still poor. * diseases where only preclinical studies are available or clinical trials are ongoing. § conflicting data, see text for further details. Abbreviations: PVR, pulmonary vascular resistances; PPHN, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation; LCOS, low cardiac output syndrome; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; V/Q, ventilation-to- perfusion ratio; PA, pulmonary artery; AKI, acute kidney injury; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; CKD, chronic kidney disease; pts, patients; NO, nitric oxide; PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension.