Table 5.
Medicinal insect species and their effective ingredients.
| ICD 10 | Order | Family | Species | Ingredients | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A00-B99 | Blattodea | Blattidae | Periplaneta americana L. | Unsaturated fatty acid | [125] |
| Gut microbiota | [126] | ||||
| Termitidae | Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki) | Microbiota | |||
| Macrotermes sp. | Actinomycetes | [127] | |||
| Coleoptera | Meloidae | Meloidae sp. | Terpenoid - Cantharidin | [128] | |
| Scarabaeidae | Copris tripartitus Waterhouse | AMP - Coprisin | [129] | ||
| Diptera | Muscidae | Musca domestica L. | Proteins - Lectin | [130] | |
| AMP - Cecropin, attacin, lebocin | [131] | ||||
| Calliphoridae | Lucilia sericata (Meigen) | AMP - Lucifensin, lucimycin, attacins, cecropins, diptericins, proline-rich peptides, and sarcotoxins | [132] | ||
| Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) | Excretions and secretions | [133] | |||
| Calliphora Vicina Robineau-Desvoidy | Excretions and secretions | [134] | |||
| Sarconesiopsis magellanica (Le Guillou) | Excretions and secretions | [135] | |||
| Drosophilidae | Drosophila melanogaster Meigen | AMP – Drosocin, Mtk-1, Mtk-2 | [136] | ||
| Hemiptera | Dinidoridae | Coridius chinensis (Dallas) | lysozyme - CcLys2 | [137] | |
| AMP - CcAMP1 | [138] | ||||
| Hymenoptera | Apidae | Melipona scutellaris Latreille | AMP - meliponamycin A, meliponamycin B | [139] | |
| Melipona orbignyi (Guérin-Méneville) | Geopropolis extract | [140] | |||
| Formicidae | Apterostigma dentigerum Wheeler | Microbiota – Pseudonocardia producing antibiotic (pseudonocardones) | [141] | ||
| Tetramorium bicarinatum (Nylander) | AMP - Bicarinalin | [142] | |||
| Hymenoptera | Vespidae | Agelaia pallipes (Olivier) | AMP - pronectin | [143] | |
| Polybia dimorpha Richards | AMP - Polydim-I | [144] | |||
| Polybia paulista Ihering | AMP - Polybia-CP | [72] | |||
| Vespa affinis L. | AMP - Mastoparan-AF | [145] | |||
| Lepidoptera | Bombycidae | Bombyx mori L. | AMP - Cecropin A, Cecropin B, moricin | [146] | |
| Microbiota - Yeast-melanin | [147] | ||||
| Noctuidae | Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) | AMP - Lebocin | [148] | ||
| Mantodea | Mantidae | Mantidis sp. | Ootheca lipid extract - Sesquiterpenoids, monoterpenes | [149] | |
| Sphodromantis viridis Forsskål | AMP - Mastoparan-S | [150] | |||
| C00-D49 | Blattodea | Corydiidae | Eupolyphaga sinensis (Walker) | Protein - EPS72 | [125] |
| Polysaccharide | [74] | ||||
| Coleoptera | Meloidae | Mylabris sp. | Norcantharidin | [81,151] | |
| Mylabris phalerata Pallas | Cantharidin | [15,152,153] | |||
| Scarabaeidae | Copris tripartitus Waterhouse | Coprisin - CopA3 | [154] | ||
| Scarabaeus sacer L. | Chitosan | [155] | |||
| Diptera | Calliphoridae | Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) | Carboxymethyl derivative of chitosan | [156] | |
| Sarcophaga aegyptiaca (Salem) | Carboxymethyl derivative of chitosan | [156] | |||
| Muscidae | Musca domestica L. | Anti-tumor peptide | [157,158] | ||
| Microbiota - Bacillus subtilis - extracellular polymeric substance | [159] | ||||
| Lepidoptera | Bombycidae | Bombyx mori L. | Beauveria bassiana infected larvae | ||
| Cyclodepsipeptide - bassianolide | [160] | ||||
| Cordycepin | [161] | ||||
| Cecropin A | [146] | ||||
| Peptide - BmCecA and BmCecD | [162] | ||||
| Hymenoptera | Streptomycetaceae | Sceliphron madraspatanum (Fabricius) | Micorbiota - Streptomyces sp. - strepantibins A-C | [163] | |
| E00-E89 | Lepidoptera | Bombycidae | Bombyx mori L. | Flavonoids and free amino acids | [80] |
| Blattodea | Corydiidae | Eupolyphaga sinensis (Walker) | Peptide DP17 | [82] | |
| Peptide (AR-9) | [164] | ||||
| Diptera | Muscidae | Musca domestica L. | Extract | [79,83] | |
| Hymenoptera | Apidae | Apis mellifera L. | Propolis - epicatechin and p-coumaric | [165] | |
| Bombus ignitus (Smith) | Glycosaminoglycan | [166] | |||
| Vespidae | Vespa basalis Smith | Peptide- Mastoparan B | [167] | ||
| Orthoptera | Gryllidae | Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer | Glycosaminoglycan | [166,168] | |
| Ethanol extract | [169] | ||||
| Gryllus assimilis (Fabricius) | Protein hydrolysates | [77] | |||
| F01-f99 | Hymenoptera | Vespidae | Polybia paulista Ihering | venom | [85] |
| Lepidoptera | Bombycidae | Bombyx mori L. | Silk syrup | [86] | |
| G00-G99 | Diptera | Muscidae | Musca domestica L. | Larval meal | [87] |
| Hemiptera | Cicadidae | Cryptotympana pustulata Fabricius | Cicadidae periostracum - N-acetyldopamine dimers | [170] | |
| Cicadidae sp. | Cicadidae periostracum - cyclic peptide | [89] | |||
| Hymenoptera | Apidae | Apis mellifera L. | Venom - melittin | [88] | |
| Apidae sp. | Propolis - Caffeic acid phenethyl ester | [90] | |||
| Formicidae | Polyrhachis dives Smith | Dopamine derivatives | [61] | ||
| Myrmecia pilosula F. Smith | Venom | [171] | |||
| Dinoponera quadriceps Kempf | Venom | [[172], [173], [174]] | |||
| Scoliidae | Scolia decorata ventralis Smith | Venom - peptides | [175] | ||
| I00–I99 | Blattodea | Corydiidae | Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker | Serine proteases | [176] |
| Protein | [176] | ||||
| Blattidae | American cockroach L. | Xinmailong | [96] | ||
| Hymenoptera | Apidae | Apis mellifera L. | Polyphenol - epicatechin and p-coumaric | [165] | |
| Formicidae | Dinoponera quadriceps Kempf | Venom | [95] | ||
| Oecophylla smaragdina Fabricius | Proteins | [97] | |||
| Lepidoptera | Bombycidae | Bombyx mori L. | Protein - sericin | [177] | |
| Peptide | [178] | ||||
| Pupae oil | [179] | ||||
| Orthoptera | Acrididae | Oxya chinensis sinuosa Mistshenko | N-acetyldopamine dimers | [94] | |
| Gryllidae | Gryllus assimilis (Fabricius) | Protein hydrolysates | [77] | ||
| K00–K95 | Blattodea | Blattidae | Periplaneta americana L. | Extracts | [101,107] |
| Oligosaccharides | [106]) | ||||
| Ethanol extract - Kangfuxin | [102,105] | ||||
| Antimicrobial peptide (Periplanetasin-2) | [103] | ||||
| Corydiidae | Eupolyphaga sinensis (Walker) | Peptide | [109] | ||
| Diptera | Muscidae | Musca domestica L. | Low molecular weight peptides | [108,180] | |
| Stomoxys calcitrans L. | Metabolites | [181] | |||
| Hymenoptera | Apidae | Trigona sp. | Honey | [182] | |
| Formicidae | Oecophylla smaradina Fabricius | Ethanolic extract | [183] (2019) | ||
| Lepidoptera | Saturniidae | Antheraea pernyi (Guérin-Méneville) | Silk fibroin | [184] | |
| Bombycidae | Bombyx mori L. | Peptide - Gloverin A2 (BMGlvA2) | [185] | ||
| Orthoptera | Crididae | Oxya chinensis sinuosa (Mistshenko) | Extracts | [186] | |
| Gryllidae | Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer | Extracts | [100,111] | ||
| Protaetia brevitarsis (Lewis) | Extracts | [186] | |||
| L00-L99 | Blattodea | Corydiidae | Eupolyphaga sinensis (walker) | Polypeptides | [112] |
| Coleoptera | Scarabaeidae | Allomyrina dichotoma L. | Extract | [111] | |
| Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe) | Extract | [111] | |||
| Tenebrionidae | Tenebrio molitor L. | Extract | [111] | ||
| Hemiptera | Cicadidae | Cicadidae sp. | Cicadidae Periostracum | [2] | |
| Lepidoptera | Bombycidae | Bombyx mori (L.) | Freeze-dried mature silkworm powder | [110] | |
| Cocoon sericin | [187] | ||||
| Feces | [2] | ||||
| Orthoptera | Gryllidae | Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer | Extract | [111] | |
| Wound healing | Blattodea | Blattidae | Periplaneta americana (L.) | Extracts | [122] |
| Phenolic Derivatives | [188] | ||||
| Periplanpyrazine | [189] | ||||
| Kangfuxin liquid | [120] | ||||
| Diptera | Calliphoridae | Lucilia sericata (Meigen) | Excretions/secretions | [124,190,191] | |
| DNAse | [192] | ||||
| Angiopoietin-1 enzyme | [193] | ||||
| Allantoin | [194] | ||||
| Lysozymes | [195] | ||||
| Signal peptide protease | [196] | ||||
| Prenyl metalloproteinase | [196] | ||||
| Serine protease | [114,196,197] | ||||
| Chymotrypsin | [198] | ||||
| Sarconesiopsis magellanica (Le Guillou) | Excretions/secretions | [199] | |||
| AMP | [68,200] | ||||
| Proteases | [201] | ||||
| Fat body and hemolymph extract | [121] | ||||
| Hymenoptera | Apidae | Apis mellifera L. | Venom | [118] | |
| Lepidoptera | Bombycidae | Bombyx mori (L.) | Silk fibroin | [185] |