Table 4.

Evaluating the catalytic efficiency of PDAN-Ni@Fe₃O₄ in comparison to other known catalysts for the manufacture of the 4i derivative.

Entry	Catalyst	Condition	Yield (%)	Time (Min.)	Ref.
1	PDAN-Ni@Fe3O4 (0.04 g)	H2O/50 °C	96	40	This study
2	Ni(OAc)2 H2O	H2O/R.T.	95	75	[48]
3	Sulfonated graphene-Oxide	Neat/R.T.	89	90	[49]
4	Phosphoric acid-based molten salt	H2O/70 °C	90	85	[50]
5	Ag/SiO2	H2O/R.T.	90	60	[42]
6	Fe3O4@MAP-SO3H nanoparticles	H2O/R.T.	90	120	[51]

R.T., room temperature.