Table 2.
Estimates (95% CI) of anxiety-depression from fixed effect models with mode of social contact and covariates.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Met people in-person (ref: 4–6 days) | |||
| Every day | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.05) | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.05) | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.05) |
| 2–3 days | 0.03 (0.004, 0.05) | 0.03 (0.004, 0.05) | 0.02 (0.003, 0.05) |
| 1 day | 0.04 (0.02, 0.06) | 0.04 (0.02, 0.06) | 0.04 (0.02, 0.06) |
| Never | 0.04 (0.02, 0.06) | 0.04 (0.02, 0.06) | 0.04 (0.02, 0.06) |
| Talked to family/friend via video/phone (ref: Every day) | |||
| 4–6 days | −0.003 (−0.02, 0.02) | −0.004 (−0.02, 0.02) | |
| 2–3 days | 0.003 (−0.02, 0.02) | 0.002 (−0.02, 0.02) | |
| 1 day | 0.03 (0.01, 0.06) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.06) | |
| Never | 0.04 (0.003, 0.07) | 0.04 (0.003, 0.07) | |
| Contacted family/friend by electronic msg (ref: Every day) | |||
| 4–6 days | 0.001 (−0.02, 0.02) | 0.001 (−0.02, 0.02) | |
| 2–3 days | <0.001 (−0.02, 0.02) | <0.001 (−0.02, 0.02) | |
| 1 day | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.04) | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.04) | |
| Never | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.02) | −0.01 (−0.05, 0.02) | |
| Took part in an online community activity (ref: Every day) | |||
| 4–6 days | <0.001 (−0.03, 0.03) | −0.003 (−0.03, 0.03) | |
| 2–3 days | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.01) | −0.02 (−0.04, 0.01) | |
| 1 day | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.03) | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.03) | |
| Never | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.04) | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.04) | |
| COVID infection (ref: no) | |||
| Yes | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.03) | ||
| Tested positive COVID-19 infection (ref: no) | |||
| Yes | 0.07 (0.04, 0.11) | ||
| Self-rated health (ref: Excellent/Very Good) | |||
| Good to Poor | 0.08 (0.06, 0.10) | ||
| Finances (ref: much worse off) | |||
| A little worse off | −0.09 (−0.13, −0.06) | ||
| About the same | −0.11 (−0.15, −0.08) | ||
| A little better off | −0.13 (−0.17, −0.09) | ||
| Much better off | −0.15 (−0.21, −0.09) | ||
| Household size (ref: more than 1 person) | |||
| Single person hh | 0.001 (−0.01, 0.01) | ||
| Keyworker (ref: not in work) | |||
| In work: keyworker | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.02) | ||
| In work: not keyworker | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.01) | ||
| Intercept | 1.51 (1.49, 1.52) | 1.49 (1.46, 1.52) | 1.57 (1.52, 1.61) |
| R-sq | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| within | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.101 |
| between | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.072 |
| n obs | 39,463 | 39,463 | 39,463 |
| n individuals | 16,090 | 16,090 | 16,090 |
| rho | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
Note: Coefficients in bold indicate statistical significance at p < 0.05.