Figure 3. Rate of Hospitalization, Rate of Death, and Proportional Risk of Death From Any Cause by Country Income Level.

Events were captured at a median follow-up period of 2.0 years. HR indicates hazard ratio.

^aData reflect the first hospitalization after enrollment. Observation hospitalizations are common in the US but uncommon in many of the other countries participating in the registry; therefore, observation vs inpatient hospitalizations were not specifically delineated in the registry.

^bModel was adjusted for age and sex.

^cModel was adjusted for variables in model 1 plus clinical characteristics (body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, current tobacco use, stage 4-5 kidney dysfunction, left ventricular ejection fraction [>50%, 41%-49%, ≤40%], having no echocardiography performed within the previous year, New York Heart Association functional class, heart failure duration >12 months), heart failure etiology (ischemic, hypertension, dilated, rheumatic valvular, nonrheumatic valvular, other), inpatient recruitment, patient education level, chronic heart failure treatments (β-blocker, renin-angiotensin system inhibitor, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator).