Table 2.
Adherence to antibiotic guidelines, use of additional unnecessary antibiotics, undertreatment, and diagnostic features for cases with or without consolidation on admission chest x-ray (a definitive diagnosis of pneumonia requires radiographic evidence of consolidation, but the absence of consolidation does not necessarily preclude the diagnosis) [15].
| Characteristics | Consolidation | No consolidation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Baseline (n=63), n (%) | Immediate (n=77), n (%) | 12 months (n=92), n (%) | 24 months (n=102), n (%) | P valuea | Baseline (n=137), n (%) | Immediate (n=159), n (%) | 12 months (n=108), n (%) | 24 months (n=98), n (%) | P valuea | ||||||||||||||
| Adherence | .04 |
|
.67 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Adherent | 9 (14) | 23 (30) | 32 (35) | 32 (31) |
|
37 (27) | 50 (31) | 37 (34) | 30 (31) |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
Nonadherent | 54 (86) | 54 (70) | 60 (65) | 70 (69) |
|
100 (73) | 109 (69 | 71 (66) | 68 (69) |
|
|||||||||||||
| Unnecessary additional antibiotics | .91 |
|
.001 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
No | 38 (60) | 50 (65) | 59 (64) | 62 (61) |
|
103 (75) | 107 (67) | 96 (89) | 70 (71) |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
Yes | 25 (40) | 27 (35) | 33 (36) | 40 (39) |
|
34 (25) | 52 (33) | 12 (11) | 28 (29) |
|
|||||||||||||
| Undertreatment | .43 |
|
.55 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
No | 47 (75) | 64 (83) | 78 (85) | 82 (80) |
|
99 (72) | 123 (77) | 77 (71) | 76 (78) |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
Yes | 16 (25) | 13 (17) | 14 (15) | 20 (20) |
|
38 (28) | 36 (23) | 31 (29) | 22 (22) |
|
|||||||||||||
| Initial diagnostic impression | .18 |
|
<.001 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Pneumonia | 43 (68) | 54 (70) | 65 (71) | 69 (68) |
|
25 (18) | 14 (8.8) | 31 (29) | 24 (24) |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
LRTIb (unspecified) | 16 (25) | 18 (23) | 14 (15) | 17 (17) |
|
87 (64) | 78 (49) | 45 (42) | 42 (43) |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
Viral illness | 0 (0) | 3 (3.9) | 7 (7.6) | 5 (4.9) |
|
15 (11) | 58 (36) | 20 (19) | 23 (23) |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
Bronchitis or other | 4 (6.3) | 2 (2.6) | 6 (6.5) | 11 (11) |
|
10 (7.3) | 9 (5.7) | 12 (11) | 9 (9.2) |
|
|||||||||||||
| CURB-65c score documented by prescriber | 17 (27) | 35 (45) | 33 (36) | 28 (27) | .046 | 15 (11) | 15 (9.4) | 17 (16) | 16 (16) | .26 | ||||||||||||||
| CURB-65 score calculated from clinical data | .80 |
|
.002 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
0-1 | 22 (35) | 31 (40) | 31 (34) | 35 (34) |
|
65 (47) | 71 (45) | 31 (29) | 33 (34) |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
1-2 | 24 (38) | 27 (35) | 36 (39) | 32 (31) |
|
44 (32) | 67 (42) | 48 (44) | 38 (39) |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
2-3 | 15 (24) | 14 (18) | 17 (18) | 26 (25) |
|
25 (18) | 20 (13) | 22 (20) | 25 (26) |
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
3-5 | 2 (3.2) | 5 (6.5) | 8 (8.7) | 9 (8.8) |
|
3 (2.2) | 1 (0.6) | 7 (6.5) | 2 (2) |
|
|||||||||||||
aChi-square test and Fisher exact test.
bLRTI: lower respiratory tract infection.
cPneumonia severity score (C: confusion, U: increased serum urea concentration, R: respiratory rate ≥30 breaths/min, B: systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≤60 mmHg, and 65: age ≥65 years).