Table 2.

List of barriers of digital health and health care AI^a in integration of their innovations into clinical health care systems and operation from the workshop.

Themes	Barriers
Knowledge on health care systems' technology procurement process	Lack of knowledge on health care systems' technology procurement protocols Limited access to best practices and strategies for successful technology procurement Venture funding leads more companies to sale directly to employers Lack of awareness on how to reach and educate providers on product offerings
Digital health innovations from large technology companies	Competing with large technology companies Lack of large marketing departments Lack of broad network of connections in comparison to larger companies Lack of networking and financial resources in comparison to larger companies
Demanding regulatory and validation requirements	Strenuous regulatory, validation, and technology evaluation evidence required from health care systems Lack of funding for randomized controlled trials Inappropriate existing study design to evaluate digital health innovations Inability to publish study results in academic journals and other peer review mediums due to proprietary concerns Lack of ability to explain AI algorithms
Success in health care systems' technology procurement	Limited information and uniformity on the health care procurement process Lengthy sales cycle Strenuous marketing and networking process Lack of transparency on who the decision maker is Lack of funding to attend conference trade shows Limited resources to support a health care pilot that demonstrates financial and clinical ROIb

^aAI: artificial intelligence.

^bROI: return on investment.