Table 3. Lists of anticancer peptides in clinical trials.
| Phase | Biological peptides | Cancer type | Mechanisms |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early phase I | MUC-1 peptide vaccine | Breast cancer | Positive anti-MUC1 antibody responses |
| HER-2/neu peptide vaccine | Breast cancer | Specific interferon-γ and IL-5 producing T-cell responses | |
| GAA/TT-peptide vaccine and poly-ICLC | Astrocytoma, oligoastrocytoma and glioma | GAA-specific T-cell responses | |
| Phase I | Gag:267-274 peptide vaccine | Melanoma | Cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte responses |
| HPV16 E7 peptide-pulsed autologous DCs | Cervical cancer | Pulsed autologous DC immunotherapy | |
| LY6K, VEGFR1, VEGFR2 | Esophageal cancer | Immune responses including LY6K, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 specific T-cells | |
| Antiangiogenic peptide vaccine | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte responses | |
| HLA-A*0201 or HLA-A*0206-restricted URLC10 peptides | Non-small cell lung cancer | Cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte responses, antigen cascade, regulatory T-cells, cancer antigens and human leukocyte antigen levels | |
| Phase I/II | MAGE 3.A1 peptide and CpG 7909 | Malignant melanoma | Cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte responses |
| VEGFR1-1084, VEGFR2 169 | Pancreatic cancer | Cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte responses | |
| HER-2/neu peptide vaccine | Breast cancer | Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-specific T-cell response | |
| Phase II | gp100:209-217(210M), HPV 16 E7:12-20 | Melanoma | T-cell immunity |
| WT1 126-134 peptide | Acute myeloid leukaemia | T-cell response | |
| G250 peptide | Metastatic renal cell carcinoma | Cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte responses | |
| Phase III | PR1 leukaemia peptide vaccine | Leukaemia | Immune response |
| Phase IV | Degarelix | Prostatic neoplasms | Binds to GnRH receptors |
Note: Reprinted from Chiangjong et al.17 DC: dendritic cell; GnRH: gonadotropin releasing hormone; HER 2: human epidermal growth factor receptor; HPV: human papillomavirus; poly ICLC: polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid stabilized with poly-L-lysine and carboxymethylcellulose; IL-5: interleukin-5; LY6K: lymphocyte antigen 6 family member K; MUC 1: transmembrane glycoprotein mucin 1; PR1: pathogenesis-related protein 1; URLC10: a peptide vaccine; VEGFR: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.