Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Dreal | Control | |
|---|---|---|
| Age | 58 years (range 40–84) | 59 years (range 29–83) |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 16 (37%) | 5 (50%) |
| Male | 27 (63%) | 5 (50%) |
| Smoking status | ||
| Yes | 14 (33%) | 2 (20%) |
| No | 29 (67%) | 8 (80%) |
| Procedure type | ||
| ACCF | 32 (74%) | |
| ACCF + ACDF at adjacent level | 10 (23%) | 8 (80%) |
| ACCF, skip level | 1 (2%) | |
| Two-level ACCF | 2 (20%) | |
| Resected level | ||
| C4 | 10 (23%) | 1 (10%) |
| C5 | 13 (30%) | 4 (40%) |
| C6 | 19 (44%) | 3 (30%) |
| C4 + C6 | 1 (2%) | |
| C5 + C6 | 2 (20%) | |
| Indication | ||
| Cervical myelopathy | 34 (79%) | 9 (90%) |
| Cervical myelopathy and radiculopathy | 9 (21%) | 1 (10%) |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Diabetes | 5 (12%) | 1 (10%) |
| Cardiac disease | 7 (16%) | 1 (10%) |
| Coagulation disorders | 1 (2%) | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | 5 (12%) | 3 (30%) |
| Hypertension | 14 (33%) | 3 (30%) |
| Obesity | 1 (2%) | |
| Osteoporosis | 2 (20%) | |