Table 2.
Expenditures related to stroke primary prevention
| First Author Year of publication Country |
Objectives | Methods | Results | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Design and
GRADE LEVEL [32] |
Participants | Instruments | Calculated stroke costs | |||
| Wodchis WP, 2011 (Canada) [30] | Review and synthesize the literature on the costs of atrial fibrillation (AF) |
Systematic review 1 + GRADE |
115 articles | FA related direct costs | Direct Costs | Average cost: 4750 € (1224€—15,824 €) |
|
Cotte, 2016 (France) [31] |
To investigate the annual burden of cardiovascular complications in AF |
Retrospective longitudinal population-based study 2 + GRADE |
533,044 AF patients | Stroke related to AF hospitalizations, global burden | Direct Costs | Cost per patient: Hemorrhagic stroke (€12,748), ischemic stroke (€11,234), Systemic Embolism (€9087), unspecified stroke (€8108), and Transient Ischemic Attack (€3734) |
|
López-López, 2017 (UK), [32] |
To compare Direct Oral Anti-Coagulants (DOACs) with each other and with warfarin for prevention of stroke in patients with AF |
Systematic review, network meta-analysis, and cost effectiveness analysis 1 + GRADE |
94,656 patients with AF 23 randomized trials involving |
Cost effectiveness of preferred licensed products | Direct Costs | Total average cost per patient/year was between €23,064 from €24,841 per patient /year |
|
Giner-Soriano, 2020 (Spain), [33] |
To analyze the use, effectiveness, safety and costs of stroke prevention in AF in patients with dabigatran or vitamin K antagonists (AVK) |
Observational study of population-based cohorts 2 + GRADE |
14,930 patients with AF | Consumption of healthcare resources and costs associated with the management of atrial fibrillation | Direct Costs |
Average cost of €4075.60 in the group treated with dabigatran Average cost of €4551.40 in the AVK group |
|
Zhang, 2017 (EEUU) [34] |
To summarize evidence on cost effectiveness of community-based interventions to control hypertension based on a review |
Systematic review 1 + GRADE |
64 articles |
-cost-effectiveness analysis; -cost–benefit analysis |
Direct Costs |
Average cost €51,5 ( €33–€94,05) for 1-mmHg reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and €11,538 ( €5513-€48,353) for 1 life-year gained Screening interventions cost from €17,930 to €46,818 in the U.S., €505 to €4650in Australia, and €5755 to €14,850 in China |
| Gheorghe, 2018 (UK), [35] | To Synthetize the economic burden of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and hypertension |
Systematic review 1 + GRADE |
83 articles | Total costs for HTA treatment in each CVD | Direct Costs | Average costs for hypertension:€18,15 per month |
| Kostova, 2020 (EEUU) [36] | Review and synthesize the literature on the costs of HTA |
Systematic review 1 + GRADE |
70 articles | HTA related direct costs | Direct Costs | The range of the annual intervention per hypertension patient was from €5,16 for a non-drug program to €2014,2 for a Pharm program |
| Salvatore, 2021 (Italy)[29] | To investigate the costs of cardiovascular disease in the regional health service in Italy's from 2014 to 2016 |
Retrospective longitudinal population-based study 2 + GRADE |
98,829 patients | Cardiovascular complications related to AF hospitalizations, global burden | Direct Costs | Atrial Fibrillation costs range from €3724,67 to €4328,88 |