Table 1.
EMF therapeutic cases
| EMF type | Parameter (frequency/intensity) | Cell type | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMF | 15 Hz/1 mT | BMSCs | EMF combined with VEGF promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis | [16] |
| EMF | 15 Hz/0.3 mT | BMSCs | EMF combined with PCL/nHA scaffold accelerate intervertebral fusion | [17] |
| EMF | 45 Hz/1 m T, 8 h/day | Saos-2 osteoblast cell line | EMF combined with Fe3o4 nanoparticles promote repair of rat calvarial defect | [18] |
| EMF | 31.4 µT, 1 h/day | ADSCs | EMF combined with PCL/CMC scaffold promote osteogenesis | [19] |
| PEMF | 1 mT, 10 min | MSCs | EMF promote chondrogenic differentiation | [20] |
| AM RF EMF | 27.12 MHz, 1 h/day | Breast cancer cells (tumor stem cells) | EMF inhibit breast cancer brain metastasis | [21] |
| AM RF EMF | 27.12 MHz | Hepatocellular carcinoma (tumor stem cells) | EMF inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and metabolism | [22] |
| EMF | 1 Hz/100 mT | MC4-L2 breast cancer cells | EMF lead to calcium ion overload and ROS increased, resulting in necroptosis | [23] |
| EMF | 50 Hz/4.5 mT | 786-O cells | ELF-EMF induce G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis in cells lines | [24] |
A. EMF: Electromagnetic fields. PEMF: Pulsed electromagnetic fields. AM RF EMF: Athermal radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. ELF-EMF: Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields. B. Parameter: The unit of frequency is Hertz. The unit of intensity is Tesla. C. BMSCs: Bone mesenchymal stem cells. Saos-2 osteoblast cell line: Osteosarcoma osteoblast cell line. ADSCs: Adipose Derived Stem Cells. MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells. 786-O cells: Human renal clear cell Carcinoma. D. PCL: Polycaprolactone. CMC: Carboxymethyl cellulose. HA: Hydroxyapatite