Table 12.

Previous studies present the role of Cathepsin B and Cathepsin D in salivary gland tumors

Salivary gland neoplasm type	casuistry	antibodies	Analysis method	Main results	Statistically significant
Salivary Adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC)	Role of CTSB in cancer metastasis by altering extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and facilitating invasion [74]	anti-CTSB	Cell culture and transfection. (SACC-83 cells) Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining, migration and invasion assays, and 3D spheroid culture Immunohistochemistry (IHC) [74]	CTSB overexpression in the invasive front of SACC compared to the tumor center CTSB was only expressed in leader cells CTSB expression associated with a poor prognosis of patients with SACC 3D spheroid invasion assay provides evidence that CTSB may define leader cells in SACC and is required for collective cell invasion as a potential key regulator of ECM remodeling [74]	The increased CTSB expression at the invasion border was closely associated with a poor pathological type, nerve invasion, advanced clinical tumor-node-metastasis stage, recurrence and metastasis High CTSB level was associated with reduced overall survival [74]
SACC	Assess the functional role of CTSD in perineural invasion (PNI) of SACC [32]	Anti CTSD	QRT-PCR, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis were used to examine the levels of CTSD mRNA and protein in SACC-LM cell line [32]	The ability of migration, invasion, and PNI could be inhibited significantly by siRNA mediated CTSD silence (p < 0.01). Furthermore, siRNA-mediated CTSD silence inhibited cytoskeletal organization and pseudo foot formation in SACC-LM cells [32]	High CTSD in solid pattern than that with tubular pattern of SACC CTSD correlated with clinic stage and distant metastasis High CTSD expression was significantly shorter OS [32]
	Intense expression of CTSD in high grade carcinomas may be a marker for invasive potential and aggressive behavior [31]	anti- CTSD antibody	Immunohistochemistry [31]		Intense CTSD expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) as compared to polymorphus low grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) [31]
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), Warthin’s tumor (WT) and pleomorphic adenoma (PA) [75]	CTSD is a useful marker for the aggressive biologic behavior as well as invasive potential of salivary gland neoplasms [75]	anti- CTSD antibody	Immunohistochemistry	Significant differential CTSD expression between benign and malignant salivary gland tumors [75]	Malignant salivary gland tumors showed significant high CTSD expression when compared to the benign tumors [75]