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. 2023 Mar 15;10(14):2205862. doi: 10.1002/advs.202205862

Figure 7.

Figure 7

AQP4 deletion activates PPAR‐γ/mTOR‑dependent autophagy and inhibits inflammation response in primary cultured astrocytes treated with LPS. a) Primary astrocytes were immunostained with GFAP (green), DAPI (blue), PPAR‐γ (red) simultaneously, scale bar, 20 µm (left); right panel, quantitative analysis of GFAP and DAPI, PPAR‐γ immunofluorescence intensity. b) The protein levels of p‐mTOR, p‐ULK1, LAMP1, p62, GFAP were determined by Western blot in AQP4+/+ and AQP4−/− astrocytes treated with LPS (left) and quantitative analysis of those protein levels, n = 4–6 for each group (right). c) Primary astrocytes were immunostained with GFAP (green), DAPI (blue), LC3B (red) simultaneously and the AQP4+/+ and AQP4−/− astrocytes treated with LPS, GW9662 or 3‐MA, scale bar, 20 µm. d) The inflammatory cytokines expression levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β were determined in astrocyte culture media by ELSA in AQP4+/+ and AQP4−/− astrocytes treated with LPS or GW9662. n = 3 for each group. b,d) Data are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001; one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test.