TABLE 1.

Summary of US‐sensitive components, action mechanism, and ultrasonication parameters of different US‐responsive systems discussed in the text

US‐responsive system	US‐sensitive component	Action mechanism	US parameters	Ref.
Azo‐functionalized PEG polymers	Azo bond	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 20 kHz Intens.: 8.7 W/cm2 Pulse (0.5 s on, 1 s off)	[ 41 ]
Chain‐centered coumarin dimer polymers	Coumarin dimer	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 20 kHz Intens.: 14.8 W/cm2 Pulse (1 s on, 1 s off)	[ 65 ]
Linear and three‐arm star polymers	Anthracene‐maleimide Diels‐Alder adduct	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 20 kHz Intens.: 13.8 W/cm2 Pulse (1 s on, 9 s off)	[ 71 ]
Poly(amide acid) vesicles	Non‐covalent bond	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 20 kHz Power: 37.5 W Duration: 3 min	[ 81 , 82 ]
Diblock copolymer micelles	Anthracene‐maleimide Diels‐Alder adduct	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 20 kHz Pulse (1 s on, 2 s off)	[ 83 ]
Polymer grafted SiO2 NPs	Maleimide‐anthracene cycloadduct	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 20 kHz Pulse (0.5 s on, 1 s off)	[ 86 , 87 ]
Microbubbles	Non‐covalent bond	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 400 kHz PRF: 1 Hz AP: 325 kPa Duration: 90 s	[ 97 ]
Microbubbles	Non‐covalent bond	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 1 MHz Intens.: 0.2 W/cm2 DC: 50%	[ 102 ]
Liposomes	Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine	Thermal effect	Freq.: 5 kHz DC: 30% Pulse (30 ms on, 70 ms off)	[ 108 ]
Liposomes	Non‐covalent bond	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 20 kHz Intens.: 3.3 W/cm2 Duration: 3 min	[ 109 ]
Liposomes	Non‐covalent bond	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 20 kHz Intens.: 5.9 W/cm2 Duration: 2 min	[ 110 ]
Polymer grafted MSNs	2‐tetrahydropyranic methacrylate	Thermal effect	Freq.: 1.3 MHz Power: 100 W Duration: 10 min	[ 113 ]
Hollow MSNs	Non‐covalent bond	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 1 MHz Intens.: 200 W/cm2 Duration: 100 min	[ 114 ]
Hollow MSNs	Non‐covalent bond	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 1 MHz Intens.: 1.5 W/cm2 DC: 50% Duration: 2 min Pulse (10 s on, 5 s off)	[ 115 ]
Ultrathin SiO2 coated nanoemulsions	Ultrathin SiO2 shell	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 3.5 MHz Power: 140 W Duration: 5 min	[ 116 ]
Diblock copolymer vesicles	Non‐covalent bond	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 40 kHz Power: 180 W	[ 118 ]
Diblock copolymer vesicles	Non‐covalent bond	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 1 MHz Intens.: 2.5 W/cm2 Duration: 3 min	[ 119 ]
Multiblock copolyamide vesicles	Hydrogen bond	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 40 kHz Power: 150 W	[ 120 ]
Diblock copolymer micelles	2‐tetrahydropyranic methacrylate	Thermal effect	Freq.: 1.1 MHz Power: 200 W	[ 121 ]
Diblock copolymer micelles	Ester bond	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 1.1 MHz Power: 150 W	[ 122 ]
Polymer modified liposomes	Poly(N‐isopropylmethacrylamide‐co‐N‐isopropylacrylamide)	Thermal effect	Freq.: 1 MHz Intens.: 0.5 W/cm2 DC: 100% Duration: 2 min	[ 123 ]
Disulfide‐centered polymers	Disulfide bond	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 20 kHz Duration: 240 min Pulse (2 s on, 1 s off)	[ 23 ]
Disulfide‐centered polymers	Disulfide bond	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 20 kHz Pulse (59 s on, 1 s off)	[ 125 ]
Disulfide‐centered polymers	Disulfide bond	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 20 kHz Intens.: 15.84 W/cm2 Duration: 180 min Pulse (2 s on, 1 s off)	[ 126 ]
Disulfide‐centered polymers	Disulfide bond	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 20 kHz Duration: 240 min Pulse (2 s on, 1 s off)	[ 127 ]
Neomycin B loaded polyaptamers	Hydrogen bond, electrostatic interaction, etc.	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 20 kHz Pulse (1 s on, 1 s off)	[ 23 ]
AuVan‐AuDADA assemblies	Hydrogen bond	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 20 kHz Pulse (1 s on, 1 s off)	[ 23 ]
Polymer‐decorated supramolecular cages	Metal‐ligand bond	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 20 kHz Duration: 180 min Pulse (1 s on, 1 s off)	[ 129 ]
Supercharged polypeptide modified GFP	Hydrogen bond	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 20 kHz Intens.: 7 W/cm2 Pulse (2 s on, 1 s off)	[ 131 ]
Aptamer loaded with thrombin	Hydrogen bond, hydrophobic interaction, etc.	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 20 kHz Intens.: 10 W/cm2 Pulse (2 s on, 1 s off); Freq.: 5 MHz Duration: 6 min	[ 132 ]
Metallo‐base paired DNA structures	Metal‐base bond	Mechanical effect	Freq.: 20 kHz Duration: 20 min Pulse (1 s on, 1 s off)	[ 133 ]

Abbreviations: PRF: pulse repetition frequency, AP: acoustic pressure, DC: duty cycle.