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. 2023 Apr 5;3(2):20220115. doi: 10.1002/EXP.20220115

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Nanotechnology strategies for mitochondria‐targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation. (A) The mechanism of MitoCAT‐g amplifies cellular oxidative stress within mitochondria. ROS generator (MitoCAT‐g) is developed from carbon‐dot‐based atomically gold (CAT‐g), and surface modifications of TPP and CA molecules are for mitochondrion‐targeting and ROS‐generating. (B) Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) results of HepG‐2 cells incubated with a different group for 2.5 h. Mitochondria and lysosomes are stained with blue (Mito‐Tracker) and red (Lyso‐Tracker), respectively. (C) Glutathione (GSH) levels within mitochondria after incubation with different nanoparticles. (D) Oxygen flux within single HepG‐2 cells after incubated with different concentrations of ROS generator (MitoCAT‐g). Reproduced with permission.[ 59 ] Copyright 2019, Nature Publishing Group. BF, bright field; DF, dark field.