TABLE 2.

Selected cell‐hitchhiking platforms

Carrier cells	NMs	Construction methods	Improvement in delivery efficacies a	Animal models/targets	Ref.
RBC	IONPs	In vitro surface attachment	120‐fold	Normal mice/lung	[68]
RBC	PS	In vitro surface attachment	7‐fold	Normal mice/lung	[69]
RBC	Liposome	In vitro surface attachment	40‐fold	Normal mice/lung	[70]
RBC	PLGA	In vitro surface attachment	16.6‐fold	Mlanoma lung metastasis mice/lung metastasis	[72]
RBC	PS	In vitro surface attachment	1.5‐fold	Normal mice/spleen	[73]
Neutrophil	Anti‐CD11b‐GNRs	In vivo uptake NMs	20‐fold	Lewis lung carcinoma bearing mice/tumor	[74]
Neutrophil	Liposome	In vitro uptake NMs	N/A	Postsurgical glioma bearing mice/brain tumor	[76]
Neutrophil	MagneticMSNs	In vitro uptake NMs	5‐fold	Postsurgical glioma bearing mice/brain tumor	[77]
Neutrophil, monocyte	cRGD‐liposome	In vivo uptake NMs	N/A	CI/reperfusion rats/ischemic brain	[78]
Neutrophil	Micelle/NPN	In vivo uptake NMs	N/A	Breast cancer bearing mice/tumor	[79]
Macrophage	Liposome	In vitro surface attachment	2.1‐fold	Acute lung inflammation mice/inflamed lung	[81a]
Macrophage	Liposome	In vitro surface attachment	3.02‐fold, 4.1‐fold	Acute pneumonia mice/inflamed lung, melanoma bearing mice/tumor	[83]
Macrophage monocyte	AuNR/ABs	In vivo uptake NMs	N/A	Lymphoma bearing mice/tumor	[86]
Monocyte	c(RGDfc)‐micelle	In vitro surface attachment	N/A	IPF mice/injured lung sites	[81b]
Monocyte	Liposomal quantum dots	In vivo uptake NMs	15‐fold b	Breast cancer bearing mice/tumor	[85a]
Monocyte	Aptamer‐liposome	In vivo surface attachment	N/A	Myocardial IR injury mice/IR heart, pancreatic cancer bearing mice/tumor	[87]
T cell	Liposome	In vitro surface attachment	63‐fold	Lymphoma bearing mice/tumor bearing lymph node	[88b]
T cell	DC@AIEdots	In vivo surface attachment	1.6‐fold c	Breast cancer bearing mice/tumor	[91]
Stem cell	AuNPs	In vitro uptake NMs	37‐fold	Fibrosarcoma bearing mice/tumor	[93]

^aThe delivery efficacies of cell hitchhiking of NMs relative to free NMs.

^bThe tumor delivery efficacy of monocyte hitchhiking of liposomal quantum dots relative to free quantum dots.

^cThe tumor delivery efficacy of T cell hitchhiking of DC@AIEdots relative to bare AIEdots.