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. 2023 Mar 1;10:1120. Originally published 2021 Nov 8. [Version 2] doi: 10.12688/f1000research.73188.2

Table 1. Differential diagnosis of dyspnoea during pregnancy.

Pathological
Pulmonary embolism
Pneumonia
(new onset) Asthma
Pre- eclampsia with pulmonary oedema
Peripartum cardiomyopathy
Dysfunctional breathing
Pneumothorax
Amniotic fluid embolism
Physiological (changes during pregnancy)
Pregnancy related hyperventilation
Decreased functional residual capacity (FRC)
Decreased expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Anaemia