Exhibit 2:
Changes in supermarket spending among Healthy Helping enrollees relative to controls, North Carolina, October 2019–December 2020
| Variable | Estimate | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Total spending ($ per month) | 57.34 | 55.37, 59.30 |
| Food and beverage spending | ||
| Dollars spent ($ per month) | 55.32 | 53.52, 57.13 |
| Fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes | ||
| Dollars spent ($ per month) | 26.95 | 26.53, 27.37 |
| Relative share of food and beverage spending (%) | 12.99 | 12.58, 13.40 |
| Volume (ounces) | 237.79 | 233.37, 242.21 |
| Fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes with no added sugar, salt, or fat | ||
| Dollars spent ($ per month) | 25.36 | 24.96, 25.76 |
| Relative share of food and beverage spending (%) | 12.94 | 12.52, 13.35 |
| Candy, chocolate, and gum | ||
| Dollars spent ($ per month) | 0.57 | 0.51, 0.63 |
| Relative share of FB spending (%) | −0.20 | −0.24, −0.15 |
| Dessert and sweet snacks | ||
| Dollars spent ($ per month) | 2.80 | 2.58, 3.03 |
| Relative share of food and beverage spending (%) | −1.51 | −1.64, −1.39 |
| Processed meats and seafood | ||
| Dollars spent ($ per month) | 2.84 | 2.60, 3.09 |
| Relative share of food and beverage spending (%) | −1.29 | −1.41, −1.18 |
| Salty snacks | ||
| Dollars spent ($ per month) | 1.68 | 1.52, 1.84 |
| Relative share of food and beverage spending (%) | −0.83 | −0.91, −0.75 |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages | ||
| Dollars spent ($ per month) | 2.84 | 2.56, 3.12 |
| Relative share of food and beverage spending (%) | −2.53 | −2.72, −2.34 |
| Sweeteners and toppings | ||
| Dollars spent ($ per month) | 0.33 | 0.29, 0.38 |
| Relative share of food and beverage spending (%) | −0.17 | −0.20, −0.14 |
SOURCE Authors’ analysis of data from a supermarket chain in North Carolina, October 2019–December 2020. NOTES Intent to treat models include data from 19,722 Healthy Helping enrollees (208,601 shopper-months) and 86,034 control shoppers (804,481 shopper-months). Estimates are from linear mixed models with terms for Healthy Helping participation, time (pre– and post–index month), and a Healthy Helping-by-time product term. All estimates were statistically significantly different from 0 at the p < 0.001 level. Models were also adjusted for month and year; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children use; urbanicity of most frequent store; and number of months of follow-up, with the shopper-month as the unit of analysis. Models include random intercepts for most frequent store and shopper ID. CI is confidence interval.