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. 2023 Apr 25;14(5):2276–2292. doi: 10.1364/BOE.480286

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5.

Time-resolved images of the laser-induced jet dynamics in variation of focus depth from 26 µm to 78 µm with fixed laser pulse energy at 2 µJ. (a) Jet develops turbulent and splashing at a focus depth of 26 µm. (b) Bell-free and (d) cell-laden jets and (c and e) the corresponding transferred hydrogel spots on the acceptor slide. At 65 µm only first jet is reaching the acceptor. The red rectangles display a 3-fold magnification of the green marked region. Red arrows indicate the single cells separated from the jet. (f) A focus depth of 78 µm is too high to generate a transferring jet. All scale bars are 100 µm long. Jets become thicker and slower with decreasing focus depth.