Table 4.

Comparison of outcomes in HF patients with ≥1 psychosocial risk factor in non-COVID (2019) versus COVID (2020) eras

	Non-COVID era (2019)	COVID era (2020)	P value	Adjusted outcomes	P value
	N=95,972 (54.7%)	N=79,376 (45.3%)
All-cause readmissions	16,398 (17.1%)	13,391 (16.8%)	0.231	1.00 (0.97-1.03)	0.78
All-cause mortality	1,126 (1.1%)	1,034 (1.3%)	0.014	1.13 (1.03-1.24)	0.009
MACE	7,848 (8.1%)	6,666 (8.3%)	0.095	1.04 (1.00-1.09)	0.03
Myocardial infarction	1,329 (1.3%)	1,318 (1.6%)	<0.001	1.19 (1.08-1.30)	<0.001
Stroke	500 (0.5%)	420 (0.5%)	0.81	1.04 (0.90-1.19)	0.59
Cardiac readmissions	8,739 (9.1%)	7,123 (8.9%)	0.34	1.00 (0.97-1.04)	0.79
Non-cardiac readmissions	7,659 (7.9%)	6,268 (7.8%)	0.52	1.00 (0.96-1.04)	0.91
Heart failure readmissions	5,793 (6.0%)	4,796 (6.0%)	0.96	1.02 (0.97-1.07)	0.42

Data is represented as N (%), excepted adjusted outcomes. Adjusted outcomes are represented as odds ratio with confidence intervals.

Abbreviations: COVID, coronavirus disease 2019; HF, heart failure; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event; PSRF, psychosocial risk factor.

MACE includes composite of all-cause mortality, heart failure-readmissions, stroke and myocardial infarction.