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. 2023 May 18:1–15. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s11517-023-02841-y

Table 6.

Performance of reduced models with wrapper feature selection (RFE) and embedded feature selection (RFI)

Performance Number of features
15 14 13 12 11
Wrapper (RFE) Testing accuracy* (%) RF 77.00 77.03 76.72 76.00 76.29
ANN 73.78 73.00 72.29 72.93 73.21
SVM 73.57 73.86 73.50 73.93 73.86
LR 71.93 71.93 71.46 71.86 72.22
KNN 69.43 70.14 69.28 72.86 73.64
DT 67.50 67.57 68.21 69.00 68.43
F1 score* RF 0.7062 0.6991 0.7108 0.6949 0.7054
ANN 0.6609 0.6512 0.6395 0.6447 0.6438
SVM 0.6627 0.6711 0.6674 0.6708 0.6646
LR 0.6203 0.6288 0.6207 0.6137 0.6182
KNN 0.6254 0.6361 0.6224 0.6795 0.6840
DT 0.6009 0.5780 0.6045 0.6032 0.6099
AUPRC* RF 0.8048 0.8125 0.8260 0.8120 0.8144
ANN 0.7504 0.7595 0.7530 0.7341 0.7450
SVM 0.7537 0.7482 0.7261 0.7216 0.7331
LR 0.7374 0.7435 0.7443 0.7437 0.7427
KNN 0.7279 0.7342 0.7126 0.7076 0.7256
DT 0.6849 0.6999 0.7196 0.7051 0.7199
Embedded (RFI) Testing accuracy* (%) RF 79.22 78.72 78.57 78.43 77.64
ANN 73.36 73.43 73.86 72.07 66.43
SVM 73.29 73.36 73.02 70.37 69.50
LR 69.21 69.64 69.79 67.71 63.93
KNN 75.64 72.64 73.93 72.00 72.50
DT 69.43 68.50 68.21 70.07 70.93
F1 score* RF 0.7393 0.7358 0.7345 0.7307 0.7223
ANN 0.6337 0.6328 0.6466 0.6156 0.4659
SVM 0.6575 0.6564 0.6546 0.6186 0.5850
LR 0.5559 0.5686 0.5739 0.5635 0.4626
KNN 0.7178 0.6810 0.6987 0.6773 0.6828
DT 0.6106 0.6084 0.6173 0.6463 0.6538
AUPRC* RF 0.8445 0.8498 0.8505 0.8374 0.8301
ANN 0.7198 0.7084 0.7108 0.7279 0.6732
SVM 0.7731 0.7678 0.7540 0.7624 0.6985
LR 0.6922 0.6880 0.7122 0.6947 0.6050
KNN 0.7735 0.7829 0.7865 0.7858 0.7764
DT 0.6671 0.6901 0.6771 0.7041 0.6925

Bolded text indicated the best results achieved. Best model was selected based on AUPRC

*Average of testing accuracy, AUPRC, and F1 score from 10 times runs of 5-CV