Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 May 10;617(7961):581–591. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-05989-7

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 4 — a, Median log₁₀(abundance) of human proteins in stool samples (n = 56) compared with intestinal samples (n = 212). b, log₂(fold change) of each protein abundance in stool relative to intestinal samples. A two-sample modified t-test with Benjamini–Hochberg correction was used. Proteins with absolute log₂(fold change) > 1 and P < 0.05 are coloured on the basis of sample type and enrichment. c, PCA of normalized human protein abundance shows separation between intestinal and stool samples (n = 212 and 56, respectively). d, Human proteome composition varies significantly more between intestinal samples (n = 212) than between stool samples (n = 56), both within (top) and across (bottom) participants. Top, each circle is the median Pearson correlation coefficient of all sample pairs for a given participant. Bottom, each circle is the median of all correlation coefficients between all pairs of samples from any two participants (n = 105 for each intestinal and stool sample). ****P ≤ 0.0001, Bonferroni-corrected two-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum test. e, PCA from c highlighting the clustering of intestinal and stool samples from participant 15 (n = 15 and 4, respectively). f, Canberra distance between microbiota compositions was higher in samples with less similar human proteomes for all sample pairs of a given type (n = 20,706 pairwise comparisons for devices, n = 1,485 pairwise comparisons for stool).