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. 2023 Apr 26;617(7961):483–487. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-05902-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — We show the transmission spectra averaged over the morning and evening terminators generated from 1D photochemical model results. a, Comparison with the NIRSpec PRISM FIREFly reduction⁸. b, Comparison with the NIRSpec G395H weighted-mean reduction⁹. c, Comparison with the current HST and VLT/FORS2 optical wavelength data^19,37. The models show pronounced features at UV wavelengths owing to sulfur species compared with the model without S-bearing species (dashed blue line). d, Predicted spectra across the MIRI LRS wavelength range, with SO₂ removed from the VULCAN output shown in grey to indicate its contribution. All of the spectral data show 1σ error bars and the standard deviations averaged (unweighted) over all reductions are shown for the NIRSpec G395H data.