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. 2023 Apr 26;617(7961):483–487. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-05902-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 5 — Same as Fig. 4 but as a function of C/O ratio at 10× solar metallicity. a, The averaged VMR of H₂O, CO₂ and SO₂ between 10 and 0.01 mbar as a function of C/O ratio, in which the solar C/O is 0.55. The nominal model is shown by solid lines, whereas the eddy diffusion coefficient (K_zz) scaled by 0.1 and 10 are shown by dashed and dashed-dotted lines, respectively. The models for which the whole temperature increased and decreased by 50 K are indicated by the upward-facing and downward-facing triangles connected by dotted lines, respectively. b, The morning and evening terminator-averaged theoretical transmission spectra with different C/O ratios compared with the NIRSpec PRISM observation. The error bars show 1σ standard deviations.