Table III.
Inventory of strategies used to minimize barriers and optimize facilitators of intervention implementation
| Implementation Strategies (n = 17) | ||
|---|---|---|
| ERIC Taxonomy | ERIC Definition | Implementation Example |
| Use advisory boards (AB) | Convene a stakeholder group to provide feedback and guidance on how to optimize implementation efforts. | Sauti ya Vijana: Youth advisory group provided input on the low acceptability and feasibility of integrating this topic due to perceived normative stigma towards SMM |
| Promote adaptability (AD) | Identify how intervention to support the use of a clinical innovation can be locally tailored while maintaining fidelity to the intervention. | Nyansapo: Modified intervention to be more inclusive of bisexual behavior since many SMM also have sex with women |
| Audit and feedback (AF) | Collect performance data over a specified time period and present summaries of the data to providers to aide in their self-evaluation, self-reflection and service improvements. | HIVE3: Patients completed peer support evaluation inventory and the data was used to provide training updates to peer mentors |
| Prepare patients to be active participants (AP) | Prepare patients to be active engaged in their care, including providing them with tools that will enable them to be most effective at getting their needs met. | Nyansapo: Provided anticipatory guidance regarding common hurdles encountered when seeking HIV treatment and used role play to practice navigating the hurdles |
| Assess for readiness (AR) | Assess organization to determine how its readiness to implement, and factor that may affect implementation | Sauti ya Vijana: Deemed the climate too polarized to integrate a topic on SMM |
| Build a coalition (BC) | Develop supportive relationships with implementation stakeholders | Auntie’s Corner: Linked with nurses, local influencers and peers to cooperate together |
| Conduct local consensus discussions (CD) | Convene local stakeholders for discussions that address the relative importance of the identified problem the relevance of the clinical innovation to the organization. | STEP: Conducted discussions to understand the difference in priorities between academic and implementing partners |
| Conduct education meeting (CM) | Hold meetings targeted toward different stakeholder groups to teach them about the clinical innovation | STEP: Conducted meetings to educate stakeholders on the benefits of HIV self-tests |
| Develop educational materials (EM) | Develop and standardized operating manuals and other supporting materials that facilitate the implementers’ learning of how to deliver the intervention. | iCare: Developed intervention manual and frequently asked questions document to support handling unanticipated situations |
| Involve patients and consumers (IP) | Engage or include patients and families in the implementation effort | iTest: Youth led the implementation and were employed as research assistants |
| Use mass media (MM) | Leverage media platforms to raise awareness of the clinical innovation among a large number of people | iTest: Used social media to bring attention the intervention |
| Promote network weaving (NW) | Identify and leverage durable and functional relationships that are internal and external to the organization to promote implementation of the clinical innovation | PNP: Conducted pre-implementation stakeholder engagement and leveraged pre-existing networks and relationships |
| Provide ongoing consultation (OC) | Provide ongoing expert consultation on the strategies used to support implementation of the innovation | Auntie’s Corner: Nurse practitioner provided consults to registered nurse (RN) coaches |
| Conduct ongoing training (OT) | Conduct training on the intervention at regular intervals and on-demand, as needed | HIVE3: Held bi-weekly review sessions to reinforce tenets of the peer support model |
| Stage scale-up of implementation (SS) | Stage implementation by piloting the strategy on a small before executing a full implementation across a system | ESYHI: Piloted intervention prior to implementation at scale |
| Provide technical assistance (TA) | Develop and use a system to deliver technical assistance focused on implementation using local personnel | iCare: Provided TA on navigating functional differences of various social media platforms |
| Tailor strategies (TS) | Tailor the implementation strategies to minimize barriers and leverage facilitators identified via formative research. | MEI: Integrated youth-oriented activities to coaching, such as marketing drop-in sessions as pizza parties instead |