Skip to main content
. 2023 May 17;28(1):43. doi: 10.1007/s40519-023-01570-3

Table 3.

Boys: characteristics and age- and BMI- adjusted comparisons of subgroups based on time of activity

Boys No sport
(n = 40)
Lower tertile
(n = 56)
Intermediate tertile
(n = 100)
Upper tertile
(n = 94)
F(1,290)a η2
M SD M SD M SD M SD
Age 17.25 0.12 16.95 0.90 17.03 0.09 16.85 0.08 2.83* .03
BMI 20.21 0.45 21.01 0.31 21.90 0.31 21.71 0.29 3.59** .04
EDE dietary restraint 0.71 0.13 0.47 0.09 0.52 0.09 0.55 0.08 0.52 .00
EDE eating concern 0.62 0.11 0.44 0.07 0.35 0.07 0.39 0.07 0.21 .00
EDE weight concern 1.20 0.15 0.82 0.10 0.61 0.10 0.74 0.09 1.43* .01
EDE shape concern 1.58 0.17 1.14 0.11 0.79 0.12 0.89 0.11 1.80** .02
EDE total score 1.03 0.11 0.72 0.08 0.57 0.08 0.64 0.07 1.04** .01
BUT weight phobia 1.08 0.13 0.95 0.08 0.86 0.08 0.86 0.08 0.20 .00
BUT body image concern 1.18 0.14 0.96 0.09 0.75 0.09 0.72 0.90 1.19* .01
BUT avoidance 0.23 0.05 0.20 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.65 .01
BUT compulsive self-monitoring 0.83 0.12 0.77 0.08 0.75 0.08 0.85 0.07 0.34 .00
BUT depersonalisation 0.43 0.26 0.27 0.17 0.52 0.17 0.29 0.16 0.25 .00
BUT global severity index 0.70 0.67 0.68 0.62 0.58 0.50 0.62 0.55 0.57 .01
MDDI drive for size 11.60 5.77 11.19 4.99 10.73 4.30 10.87 4.60 0.37 .00
MDDI appearance intolerance 6.92 3.67 6.76 3.45 5.65‡§ 2.24 5.80 2.86 3.14*** .03
MDDI functional impairment 4.95 2.02 6.10 2.77 5.91 2.83 8.08 ‡‡§§$ 4.53 10.89*** .10
MDDI total score 23.47 9.38 24.07 7.92 22.29 6.73 24.76 8.64 1.62 .02

M mean, SD standard deviation, F F test, η2 effect size for the ANOVA model, BMI body mass index, EDE Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire, BUT body uneasiness test, MDDI muscle dysmorphia disorder inventory

aN = 285 for analyses involving BMI

*: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01; ***: p < 0.001

Post-hoc difference from the "No sport" group: , p < 0.05; , p < 0.01; ‡‡, p < 0.001

Post-hoc difference from the "Lower tertile" group: §, p < 0.05, §§, p < 0.01

Post-hoc difference from the "Intermediate tertile" group: $, p < 0.001