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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 18.
Published in final edited form as: Chronobiol Int. 2023 Jan 24;40(3):310–323. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2168200

Table 5:

Joint Distributions (%) of Working Hour Characteristics in American Manufacturing Cohort (AMC), 51 Plant Shift Work Cohort 2003-2014, USA (N shifts=22,443,533)

Working Hour Characteristic Shift Type Intensity Duration Rotation Pattern Social Aspects

Morning Day Evening Night Non-Short Return Quick Return Very Quick Return Shift < 12 Hours Shift ≥ 12 Hours Shift ≥ 13 Hours No Rotation Rotation Forward Rotation Backward Rotation Flipped Rotation Weekday Weekend
All Shifts 5.5 50.2 16.2 28.1 95.0 5.2 1.8 70.1 29.9 5.56 91.4 8.6 2.8 2.2 3.5 82.2 17.8

Shift Type Morning 100 - - - 95.4 4.6 0.9 70.6 29.4 5.4 96.8 3.2 0.9 0.8 1.5 79.5 20.5
Day - 100 - - 96.4 3.6 1.3 76.1 23.9 0.7 93.8 6.2 1.7 1.2 3.2 85.0 15.0
Evening - - 100 - 93.0 7.0 2.4 82.8 17.2 13.6 89.6 10.4 6.5 3.1 0.8 85.9 14.1
Night - - - 100 92.8 7.2 2.5 51.8 48.2 9.6 87.2 12.8 3.0 3.7 6.1 75.5 24.5

Intensity Non-short return 5.5 51.1 15.9 27.5 100 - - 71.2 28.8 3.5 92.4 7.6 3.0 0.9 3.7 82.3 17.7
Quick return 4.9 34.5 21.7 38.9 - 100 48.8 51.2 41.9 73.3 26.8 0.02 26.3 0.4 79.4 20.6
 Very quick return 2.8 35.7 21.9 39.6 - 100 100 53.6 46.4 38.3 68.0 32.1 0.1 31.5 0.5 79.9 20.1

Duration Shift < 12 hours 5.2 54.6 19.1 20.8 96.4 3.6 1.4 100 - - 94.3 5.8 3.5 1.7 0.6 84.9 15.2
Shift ≥ 12 hours 5.4 40.1 9.3 45.3 91.1 8.9 2.7 - 100 18.6 84.9 15.2 1.2 3.5 10.5 75.9 24.1
 Shift ≥ 13 hours 5.3 6.4 39.7 48.6 60.6 39.4 12.2 - 100 100 75.2 24.8 4.5 16.3 4.0 81.4 18.6

Rotation Pattern No rotation 5.8 51.5 15.8 26.8 95.8 4.2 1.3 72.2 27.8 4.6 100 - - - - 82.2 17.8
Rotation 2.1 36.4 19.6 41.9 83.7 16.3 6.6 47.0 53.0 16.1 - 100 32.7 25.9 41.4 81.3 18.7
 Forward rotation 1.7 31.2 37.2 30.0 99.9 0.04 0.04 87.5 12.6 8.9 - 100 100 - - 78.3 21.7
 Backward rotation 2.1 27.9 22.7 47.3 37.9 62.1 25.1 52.4 47.6 40.7 - 100 - 100 - 71.2 28.8
 Flipped rotation 2.4 45.9 3.7 48.0 99.4 0.6 0.3 11.7 88.3 6.3 - 100 - - 100 90.0 10.0

Social Aspects Weekday 5.3 52.0 16.9 25.9 95.0 5.1 1.7 72.4 27.7 5.5 91.5 8.5 2.7 1.9 3.9 100 -
Weekend 6.3 42.3 12.8 38.6 94.0 6.0 2.0 59.5 40.5 5.8 91.0 8.6 3.4 3.6 2.0 - 100

Most shift domain categories are not mutually exclusive and marginal totals of shift domains will not sum to 100%.

Within each domain, columns are the numerator, rows are the denominator. Therefore, the number in the first row and first column states 5.5% of all shifts are morning shifts.

Dashes (-) are used when the shift domain definitions are mutually exclusive; to reflect a structural zero. Refer to Appendix Table 1 for specific definitions for each working time characteristic.