Table 5.
Significant Results and Reported Effect Sizes for FSIQ
| Study | Direction | Effect size and classification | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Allman & Scott (2013) | EV | Not reported | |
| Anderson et al. (2009) | EV | L R2= 0.14 |
|
| Anderson et al. (2014) | EV | Not reported | |
| Anderson, Spencer-Smith, et al. (2010) | EV | L R2= 0.14 |
|
| Anderson et al. (2020) | EV | Not reported | |
| Aram & Eisele (1994) | EV | L R2 = 0.30 |
Only significant for groups with left-sided lesions |
| Block et al. (1999) | EV | Not reported | Finding was described as tentative due to the small sample size (n = 11) |
| Braun et al. (2001) | EV | S R2 = 0.01 |
|
| Duval et al. (2008) | EV | S R2 = 0.02 |
|
| Gingras & Braun (2018) | EV | M R2 = 0.06 |
For the sample with epilepsy |
| Gingras & Braun (2018) | ER | S R2 = 0.01 |
For the sample without epilepsy |
| Goodman & Yude (1996) | U | Not reported | |
| Max et al. (2010) | EV | M R2 = 0.04 |
|
| Jacomb et al. (2018) | EV | M R2 = 0.13 |
|
| Kornhuber et al. (1985) | EV | Not reported | |
| Pavlovic et al. (2006) | U | L R2 = 0.23 |
|
| Riva & Cazzaniga (1986) | EV | Not reported | |
| Spencer-Smith et al. (2011) | EV | M R2 = 0.13 |
|
| Studer et al. (2014) | EV | Not reported | |
| Westmacott et al. (2010) | EV | M R2= 0.10 |
Group with subcortical only lesions |
| Westmacott et al. (2010) | U | M R2= 0.12 |
Group with cortical only lesions |
| Wingeier et al. (2011) | EV | L R2 = 0.61 |
Note. Effect size classifications are based on Cohen (1988)’s classification scheme. All effect sizes were converted to a common index of R2 for ease of comparison. S = small effect size; M = medium effect size, L = large effect size; ER = early resilience (earlier age of onset associated with better outcomes); EV = early vulnerability (earlier age of onset associated with worse outcomes); U = a nonlinear association.