TABLE 1.
Patient demographics and characteristics of the cohort
| Characteristic | TIPS (n = 883) |
|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 58 (52–63) |
|
| |
| Male, n (%) | 511 (57.8) |
|
| |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 27.6 (23.7–32.4) |
|
| |
| Race, n (%) | |
| White | 665 (75.3) |
| American Indian or Native American | 7 (0.8) |
| Black/African American | 34 (3.8) |
| Asian | 13 (1.5) |
| Others | 164 (18.5) |
|
| |
| Liver disease etiology, n (%) | |
| Hepatitis C | 278 (31.5) |
| Alcoholic cirrhosis | 301 (31.1) |
| NASH | 174 (19.7) |
| Others | 130 (14.7) |
|
| |
| Complications of liver disease, n (%) | |
| Ascites | 624 (73.4) |
| SBP | 79 (9.32) |
| HE | 369 (43.3) |
| HCC | 50 (5.9) |
| Variceal bleed | 289 (33.9) |
| PVT | 101 (11.8) |
|
| |
| Comorbidities before TIPS, n (%) | |
| Congestive heart failure | 48 (5.4) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 216 (24.4) |
| Renal disease | 213 (24.1) |
|
| |
| Laboratory values at the time of TIPS, median (IQR) | |
| Serum sodium | 136 (132–138) |
| Serum INR | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) |
| Serum creatinine | 1 (0.8–1.3) |
| Platelets | 93 (62–135) |
| Serum albumin | 2.9 (2.5–3.3) |
| Serum total bilirubin | 1.5 (1–2.5) |
|
| |
| MELD-Na score at the time of TIPS, median (IQR) | 17.5 (13.5–21.8) |
|
| |
| Indications for TIPS, n (%) | |
| Refractory ascites/hepatic hydrothorax | 493 (55.8) |
| Esophageal variceal bleed | 297 (33.6) |
| Others | 93 (10.5) |
|
| |
| Inpatient status at the time of TIPS | 415 (47) |
|
| |
| Hemodynamic measures, median (IQR), mm Hg | |
| Pre-TIPS RAP | 9 (6–13) |
| Post-TIPS RAP | 15 (12–19) |
| Pre-TIPS PPG | 26 (22–31) |
| Delta RAP | 5 (3–8) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; PPG, portal pressure gradient; RAP, right atrial pressure; SBP, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.